fix: "only once" tasks should be recovered and retried on worker crash

.github/workflows/benchstat.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ on: [pull_request]
 jobs:
   incoming:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: false
     services:
       redis:
         image: redis:7
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ jobs:
 
   current:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: false
     services:
       redis:
         image: redis:7
@@ -57,7 +55,6 @@ jobs:
 
   benchstat:
     needs: [incoming, current]
-    if: false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        go-version: [1.24.x, 1.25.x]
+        go-version: [1.22.x, 1.23.x]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     services:
       redis:
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        go-version: [1.24.x, 1.25.x]
+        go-version: [1.22.x, 1.23.x]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     services:
       redis:
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ jobs:
   golangci:
     name: lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: false
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,26 +7,6 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
-## [0.26.0] - 2026-02-03
-
-### Upgrades
-- Prepare CI for Go 1.24.x and 1.25.x (commit: e9037f0)
-
-### Added
-- Add Headers support to tasks (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1070)
-- Add `--tls` option to dash command (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1073)
-- Add `--username` CLI flag for Redis ACL authentication (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1083)
-- Add `UpdateTaskPayload` method for inspector (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1042)
-
-### Fixes
-- Fix: Correct error message text in ResultWriter.Write (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1054)
-- Fix: Wrap all fmt.Errorf errors with %w (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1047)
-- Fix: ServeMux.NotFoundHandler returns ErrHandlerNotFound error (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1031)
-
-### Changed
-- Docs: Update server.go documentation (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1010)
-- Chore: Fix godoc comment (PR: https://github.com/hibiken/asynq/pull/1009)
-
 ## [0.25.1] - 2024-12-11
 
 ### Upgrades

aggregator.go

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func (a *aggregator) aggregate(t time.Time) {
 			}
 			tasks := make([]*Task, len(msgs))
 			for i, m := range msgs {
-				tasks[i] = NewTaskWithHeaders(m.Type, m.Payload, m.Headers)
+				tasks[i] = NewTask(m.Type, m.Payload)
 			}
 			aggregatedTask := a.ga.Aggregate(gname, tasks)
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), deadline)

asynq.go

@@ -8,15 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
-	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"net/url"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/base"
 	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
+	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/base"
 )
 
 // Task represents a unit of work to be performed.
@@ -27,9 +26,6 @@ type Task struct {
 	// payload holds data needed to perform the task.
 	payload []byte
 
-	// headers holds additional metadata for the task.
-	headers map[string]string
-
 	// opts holds options for the task.
 	opts []Option
 
@@ -37,10 +33,8 @@ type Task struct {
 	w *ResultWriter
 }
 
-func (t *Task) Type() string               { return t.typename }
-func (t *Task) Payload() []byte            { return t.payload }
-func (t *Task) Headers() map[string]string { return t.headers }
-func (t *Task) Options() []Option          { return t.opts }
+func (t *Task) Type() string    { return t.typename }
+func (t *Task) Payload() []byte { return t.payload }
 
 // ResultWriter returns a pointer to the ResultWriter associated with the task.
 //
@@ -54,21 +48,6 @@ func NewTask(typename string, payload []byte, opts ...Option) *Task {
 	return &Task{
 		typename: typename,
 		payload:  payload,
-		headers:  nil,
-		opts:     opts,
-	}
-}
-
-// NewTaskWithHeaders returns a new Task given a type name, payload data, and headers.
-// Options can be passed to configure task processing behavior.
-// TODO: In the next major (breaking) release, fold this functionality into NewTask
-//
-//	so that headers are supported directly. After that, remove this method.
-func NewTaskWithHeaders(typename string, payload []byte, headers map[string]string, opts ...Option) *Task {
-	return &Task{
-		typename: typename,
-		payload:  payload,
-		headers:  maps.Clone(headers),
 		opts:     opts,
 	}
 }
@@ -78,7 +57,6 @@ func newTask(typename string, payload []byte, w *ResultWriter) *Task {
 	return &Task{
 		typename: typename,
 		payload:  payload,
-		headers:  make(map[string]string),
 		w:        w,
 	}
 }
@@ -97,9 +75,6 @@ type TaskInfo struct {
 	// Payload is the payload data of the task.
 	Payload []byte
 
-	// Headers holds additional metadata for the task.
-	Headers map[string]string
-
 	// State indicates the task state.
 	State TaskState
 
@@ -170,7 +145,6 @@ func newTaskInfo(msg *base.TaskMessage, state base.TaskState, nextProcessAt time
 		Queue:         msg.Queue,
 		Type:          msg.Type,
 		Payload:       msg.Payload, // Do we need to make a copy?
-		Headers:       msg.Headers,
 		MaxRetry:      msg.Retry,
 		Retried:       msg.Retried,
 		LastErr:       msg.ErrorMsg,
@@ -468,15 +442,14 @@ func (opt RedisClusterClientOpt) MakeRedisClient() interface{} {
 //
 // Three URI schemes are supported, which are redis:, rediss:, redis-socket:, and redis-sentinel:.
 // Supported formats are:
-//
-//	redis://[:password@]host[:port][/dbnumber]
-//	rediss://[:password@]host[:port][/dbnumber]
-//	redis-socket://[:password@]path[?db=dbnumber]
-//	redis-sentinel://[:password@]host1[:port][,host2:[:port]][,hostN:[:port]][/dbnumber][?master=masterName]
+//     redis://[:password@]host[:port][/dbnumber]
+//     rediss://[:password@]host[:port][/dbnumber]
+//     redis-socket://[:password@]path[?db=dbnumber]
+//     redis-sentinel://[:password@]host1[:port][,host2:[:port]][,hostN:[:port]][?master=masterName]
 func ParseRedisURI(uri string) (RedisConnOpt, error) {
 	u, err := url.Parse(uri)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: could not parse redis uri: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: could not parse redis uri: %v", err)
 	}
 	switch u.Scheme {
 	case "redis", "rediss":
@@ -546,20 +519,11 @@ func parseRedisSocketURI(u *url.URL) (RedisConnOpt, error) {
 func parseRedisSentinelURI(u *url.URL) (RedisConnOpt, error) {
 	addrs := strings.Split(u.Host, ",")
 	master := u.Query().Get("master")
-	var db int
-	var err error
-	if len(u.Path) > 0 {
-		xs := strings.Split(strings.Trim(u.Path, "/"), "/")
-		db, err = strconv.Atoi(xs[0])
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: could not parse redis sentinel uri: database number should be the first segment of the path")
-		}
-	}
 	var password string
 	if v, ok := u.User.Password(); ok {
 		password = v
 	}
-	return RedisFailoverClientOpt{MasterName: master, SentinelAddrs: addrs, SentinelPassword: password, DB: db}, nil
+	return RedisFailoverClientOpt{MasterName: master, SentinelAddrs: addrs, SentinelPassword: password}, nil
 }
 
 // ResultWriter is a client interface to write result data for a task.
@@ -575,7 +539,7 @@ type ResultWriter struct {
 func (w *ResultWriter) Write(data []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	select {
 	case <-w.ctx.Done():
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to write task result: %w", w.ctx.Err())
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to result task result: %v", w.ctx.Err())
 	default:
 	}
 	return w.broker.WriteResult(w.qname, w.id, data)

asynq_test.go

@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
+	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
 	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/log"
 	h "github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/testutil"
-	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 )
 
 //============================================================================
@@ -149,23 +148,6 @@ func TestParseRedisURI(t *testing.T) {
 				SentinelPassword: "mypassword",
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			"redis-sentinel://localhost:5000,localhost:5001,localhost:5002/3?master=mymaster",
-			RedisFailoverClientOpt{
-				MasterName:    "mymaster",
-				SentinelAddrs: []string{"localhost:5000", "localhost:5001", "localhost:5002"},
-				DB:            3,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"redis-sentinel://:mypassword@localhost:5000,localhost:5001,localhost:5002/7?master=mymaster",
-			RedisFailoverClientOpt{
-				MasterName:       "mymaster",
-				SentinelAddrs:    []string{"localhost:5000", "localhost:5001", "localhost:5002"},
-				SentinelPassword: "mypassword",
-				DB:               7,
-			},
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
@@ -206,10 +188,6 @@ func TestParseRedisURIErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			"non integer for db numbers for socket",
 			"redis-socket:///some/path/to/redis?db=one",
 		},
-		{
-			"non integer for db number for sentinel",
-			"redis-sentinel://localhost:5000/abc?master=mymaster",
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
@@ -220,30 +198,3 @@ func TestParseRedisURIErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func TestTaskOptions(t *testing.T) {
-	opts := []Option{
-		MaxRetry(3),
-		Queue("critical"),
-		Timeout(5 * time.Minute),
-	}
-	task := NewTask("mytask", []byte("payload"), opts...)
-
-	got := task.Options()
-	if len(got) != len(opts) {
-		t.Fatalf("task.Options() returned %d options, want %d", len(got), len(opts))
-	}
-	for i, o := range opts {
-		if got[i].String() != o.String() {
-			t.Errorf("task.Options()[%d] = %v, want %v", i, got[i], o)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTaskOptionsNil(t *testing.T) {
-	task := NewTask("mytask", []byte("payload"))
-	got := task.Options()
-	if got != nil {
-		t.Errorf("task.Options() = %v, want nil for task with no options", got)
-	}
-}

client.go

@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ package asynq
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"maps"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -62,7 +60,6 @@ const (
 	TaskIDOpt
 	RetentionOpt
 	GroupOpt
-	HeaderOpt
 )
 
 // Option specifies the task processing behavior.
@@ -89,7 +86,6 @@ type (
 	processInOption time.Duration
 	retentionOption time.Duration
 	groupOption     string
-	headerOption    [2]string
 )
 
 // MaxRetry returns an option to specify the max number of times
@@ -221,27 +217,6 @@ func (name groupOption) String() string     { return fmt.Sprintf("Group(%q)", st
 func (name groupOption) Type() OptionType   { return GroupOpt }
 func (name groupOption) Value() interface{} { return string(name) }
 
-// Header returns an option to associate the key-value header to the task.
-//
-// This option is composable with other Client options and can be used together
-// with other options like MaxRetry, Queue, etc. For use cases where headers
-// need to be combined with other options, using Header option is recommended.
-//
-// Alternatively, NewTaskWithHeaders can be used to create a task with headers
-// directly, which may be preferable when headers are an intrinsic part of the
-// task definition rather than enqueue-time configuration.
-func Header(key, value string) Option {
-	return headerOption{key, value}
-}
-
-func (h headerOption) String() string {
-	var bytes []byte
-	bytes, _ = json.Marshal(h)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Header(%s)", bytes)
-}
-func (h headerOption) Type() OptionType   { return HeaderOpt }
-func (h headerOption) Value() interface{} { return [2]string{h[0], h[1]} }
-
 // ErrDuplicateTask indicates that the given task could not be enqueued since it's a duplicate of another task.
 //
 // ErrDuplicateTask error only applies to tasks enqueued with a Unique option.
@@ -262,7 +237,6 @@ type option struct {
 	processAt time.Time
 	retention time.Duration
 	group     string
-	headers   map[string]string
 }
 
 // composeOptions merges user provided options into the default options
@@ -277,7 +251,6 @@ func composeOptions(opts ...Option) (option, error) {
 		timeout:   0, // do not set to defaultTimeout here
 		deadline:  time.Time{},
 		processAt: time.Now(),
-		headers:   make(map[string]string),
 	}
 	for _, opt := range opts {
 		switch opt := opt.(type) {
@@ -317,9 +290,6 @@ func composeOptions(opts ...Option) (option, error) {
 				return option{}, errors.New("group key cannot be empty")
 			}
 			res.group = key
-		case headerOption:
-			key, value := opt[0], opt[1]
-			res.headers[key] = value
 		default:
 			// ignore unexpected option
 		}
@@ -415,7 +385,6 @@ func (c *Client) EnqueueContext(ctx context.Context, task *Task, opts ...Option)
 		ID:        opt.taskID,
 		Type:      task.Type(),
 		Payload:   task.Payload(),
-		Headers:   maps.Clone(task.Headers()),
 		Queue:     opt.queue,
 		Retry:     opt.retry,
 		Deadline:  deadline.Unix(),
@@ -424,12 +393,6 @@ func (c *Client) EnqueueContext(ctx context.Context, task *Task, opts ...Option)
 		GroupKey:  opt.group,
 		Retention: int64(opt.retention.Seconds()),
 	}
-	if len(opt.headers) > 0 {
-		if msg.Headers == nil {
-			msg.Headers = make(map[string]string)
-		}
-		maps.Copy(msg.Headers, opt.headers)
-	}
 	now := time.Now()
 	var state base.TaskState
 	if opt.processAt.After(now) {
@@ -456,142 +419,6 @@ func (c *Client) EnqueueContext(ctx context.Context, task *Task, opts ...Option)
 	return newTaskInfo(msg, state, opt.processAt, nil), nil
 }
 
-// BatchEnqueueResult holds the result of enqueuing a single task within a batch.
-type BatchEnqueueResult struct {
-	TaskInfo *TaskInfo
-	Err      error
-}
-
-// BatchEnqueueContext enqueues multiple tasks in a single Redis pipeline round-trip,
-// returning a per-task result slice aligned with the input tasks slice.
-//
-// # Atomicity Guarantees
-//
-// There is no all-or-nothing guarantee across the batch. Each task is executed as
-// an independent Lua script inside a Redis pipeline. Individual scripts are atomic
-// (the existence check, hash write, and list/sorted-set push for one task cannot
-// be partially applied), but the pipeline as a whole is not wrapped in a
-// MULTI/EXEC transaction. This means:
-//
-//   - Partial success is possible: some tasks may be enqueued while others are not.
-//   - A task whose ID already exists in Redis is silently skipped (treated as a
-//     no-op by the Lua script), and its result will still show success.
-//   - If the Redis pipeline call itself fails (e.g. connection lost, context
-//     cancelled), every task that passed client-side validation receives that
-//     error — none of them can be assumed to have been enqueued.
-//
-// # Validation Errors (pre-pipeline)
-//
-// The following are caught before any Redis call and rejected in the
-// corresponding BatchEnqueueResult.Err without affecting other tasks:
-//
-//   - nil task
-//   - empty task type name
-//   - invalid options
-//   - group tasks (not supported in batch mode)
-//   - unique tasks (not supported in batch mode)
-//
-// # Supported Task Types
-//
-// Immediate and scheduled (via [ProcessAt] or [ProcessIn]) tasks are supported.
-// Group and unique tasks are rejected as described above.
-func (c *Client) BatchEnqueueContext(ctx context.Context, tasks []*Task, opts ...Option) []BatchEnqueueResult {
-	results := make([]BatchEnqueueResult, len(tasks))
-	if len(tasks) == 0 {
-		return results
-	}
-
-	type itemMeta struct {
-		state     base.TaskState
-		processAt time.Time
-	}
-
-	items := make([]base.BatchEnqueueItem, 0, len(tasks))
-	itemIndexes := make([]int, 0, len(tasks))
-	itemMetas := make([]itemMeta, 0, len(tasks))
-
-	for i, task := range tasks {
-		if task == nil {
-			results[i] = BatchEnqueueResult{Err: fmt.Errorf("task cannot be nil")}
-			continue
-		}
-		if strings.TrimSpace(task.Type()) == "" {
-			results[i] = BatchEnqueueResult{Err: fmt.Errorf("task typename cannot be empty")}
-			continue
-		}
-		merged := append(task.opts, opts...)
-		opt, err := composeOptions(merged...)
-		if err != nil {
-			results[i] = BatchEnqueueResult{Err: err}
-			continue
-		}
-		if opt.group != "" {
-			results[i] = BatchEnqueueResult{Err: fmt.Errorf("batch enqueue does not support group tasks")}
-			continue
-		}
-		if opt.uniqueTTL > 0 {
-			results[i] = BatchEnqueueResult{Err: fmt.Errorf("batch enqueue does not support unique tasks")}
-			continue
-		}
-		deadline := noDeadline
-		if !opt.deadline.IsZero() {
-			deadline = opt.deadline
-		}
-		timeout := noTimeout
-		if opt.timeout != 0 {
-			timeout = opt.timeout
-		}
-		if deadline.Equal(noDeadline) && timeout == noTimeout {
-			timeout = defaultTimeout
-		}
-		msg := &base.TaskMessage{
-			ID:        opt.taskID,
-			Type:      task.Type(),
-			Payload:   task.Payload(),
-			Headers:   task.Headers(),
-			Queue:     opt.queue,
-			Retry:     opt.retry,
-			Deadline:  deadline.Unix(),
-			Timeout:   int64(timeout.Seconds()),
-			Retention: int64(opt.retention.Seconds()),
-		}
-
-		now := time.Now()
-		scheduled := opt.processAt.After(now)
-
-		item := base.BatchEnqueueItem{Msg: msg}
-		var meta itemMeta
-		if scheduled {
-			item.ProcessAt = opt.processAt
-			meta = itemMeta{state: base.TaskStateScheduled, processAt: opt.processAt}
-		} else {
-			meta = itemMeta{state: base.TaskStatePending, processAt: now}
-		}
-
-		items = append(items, item)
-		itemIndexes = append(itemIndexes, i)
-		itemMetas = append(itemMetas, meta)
-	}
-
-	if len(items) == 0 {
-		return results
-	}
-
-	_, err := c.broker.BatchEnqueue(ctx, items)
-	if err != nil {
-		for _, idx := range itemIndexes {
-			results[idx] = BatchEnqueueResult{Err: err}
-		}
-		return results
-	}
-
-	for j, idx := range itemIndexes {
-		info := newTaskInfo(items[j].Msg, itemMetas[j].state, itemMetas[j].processAt, nil)
-		results[idx] = BatchEnqueueResult{TaskInfo: info}
-	}
-	return results
-}
-
 // Ping performs a ping against the redis connection.
 func (c *Client) Ping() error {
 	return c.broker.Ping()

client_test.go

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
 	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/base"
-	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/rdb"
-	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/testbroker"
 	h "github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/testutil"
 	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 )
@@ -1193,743 +1191,3 @@ func TestClientEnqueueUniqueWithProcessAtOption(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func TestClientEnqueueWithHeaders(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	client := NewClient(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	headers := map[string]string{
-		"user-id":    "123",
-		"request-id": "abc-def-ghi",
-		"priority":   "high",
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		desc        string
-		task        *Task
-		opts        []Option
-		wantInfo    *TaskInfo
-		wantPending map[string][]*base.TaskMessage
-	}{
-		{
-			desc: "Task with headers",
-			task: NewTaskWithHeaders("send_email", h.JSON(map[string]interface{}{"to": "user@example.com"}), headers),
-			opts: []Option{},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "default",
-				Type:          "send_email",
-				Payload:       h.JSON(map[string]interface{}{"to": "user@example.com"}),
-				Headers:       headers,
-				State:         TaskStatePending,
-				MaxRetry:      defaultMaxRetry,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: now,
-			},
-			wantPending: map[string][]*base.TaskMessage{
-				"default": {
-					{
-						Type:     "send_email",
-						Payload:  h.JSON(map[string]interface{}{"to": "user@example.com"}),
-						Headers:  headers,
-						Retry:    defaultMaxRetry,
-						Queue:    "default",
-						Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-						Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			desc: "Task with empty headers",
-			task: NewTaskWithHeaders("process_data", []byte("data"), map[string]string{}),
-			opts: []Option{},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "default",
-				Type:          "process_data",
-				Payload:       []byte("data"),
-				Headers:       map[string]string{},
-				State:         TaskStatePending,
-				MaxRetry:      defaultMaxRetry,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: now,
-			},
-			wantPending: map[string][]*base.TaskMessage{
-				"default": {
-					{
-						Type:     "process_data",
-						Payload:  []byte("data"),
-						Headers:  nil,
-						Retry:    defaultMaxRetry,
-						Queue:    "default",
-						Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-						Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			desc: "Task with nil headers",
-			task: NewTaskWithHeaders("cleanup", nil, nil),
-			opts: []Option{},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "default",
-				Type:          "cleanup",
-				Payload:       nil,
-				Headers:       nil,
-				State:         TaskStatePending,
-				MaxRetry:      defaultMaxRetry,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: now,
-			},
-			wantPending: map[string][]*base.TaskMessage{
-				"default": {
-					{
-						Type:     "cleanup",
-						Payload:  nil,
-						Headers:  nil,
-						Retry:    defaultMaxRetry,
-						Queue:    "default",
-						Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-						Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			desc: "Task with headers and custom options",
-			task: NewTaskWithHeaders("notify", []byte("notification"), map[string]string{"channel": "email"}),
-			opts: []Option{MaxRetry(5), Queue("notifications")},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "notifications",
-				Type:          "notify",
-				Payload:       []byte("notification"),
-				Headers:       map[string]string{"channel": "email"},
-				State:         TaskStatePending,
-				MaxRetry:      5,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: now,
-			},
-			wantPending: map[string][]*base.TaskMessage{
-				"notifications": {
-					{
-						Type:     "notify",
-						Payload:  []byte("notification"),
-						Headers:  map[string]string{"channel": "email"},
-						Retry:    5,
-						Queue:    "notifications",
-						Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-						Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			desc: "Task with header option",
-			task: NewTask("store_data", []byte("data"), Header("channel", "email"), Header("user-id", "bob1234")),
-			opts: []Option{},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "default",
-				Type:          "store_data",
-				Payload:       []byte("data"),
-				Headers:       map[string]string{"channel": "email", "user-id": "bob1234"},
-				State:         TaskStatePending,
-				MaxRetry:      25,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: now,
-			},
-			wantPending: map[string][]*base.TaskMessage{
-				"default": {
-					{
-						Type:     "store_data",
-						Payload:  []byte("data"),
-						Headers:  map[string]string{"channel": "email", "user-id": "bob1234"},
-						Retry:    25,
-						Queue:    "default",
-						Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-						Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			desc: "Enqueue task with header option",
-			task: NewTask("store_data", []byte("data")),
-			opts: []Option{Header("channel", "email"), Header("user-id", "bob1234"), MaxRetry(5)},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "default",
-				Type:          "store_data",
-				Payload:       []byte("data"),
-				Headers:       map[string]string{"channel": "email", "user-id": "bob1234"},
-				State:         TaskStatePending,
-				MaxRetry:      5,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: now,
-			},
-			wantPending: map[string][]*base.TaskMessage{
-				"default": {
-					{
-						Type:     "store_data",
-						Payload:  []byte("data"),
-						Headers:  map[string]string{"channel": "email", "user-id": "bob1234"},
-						Retry:    5,
-						Queue:    "default",
-						Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-						Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r)
-
-		gotInfo, err := client.Enqueue(tc.task, tc.opts...)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("%s: Enqueue failed: %v", tc.desc, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		cmpOptions := []cmp.Option{
-			cmpopts.IgnoreFields(TaskInfo{}, "ID"),
-			cmpopts.EquateApproxTime(500 * time.Millisecond),
-		}
-		if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.wantInfo, gotInfo, cmpOptions...); diff != "" {
-			t.Errorf("%s;\nEnqueue(task) returned %v, want %v; (-want,+got)\n%s",
-				tc.desc, gotInfo, tc.wantInfo, diff)
-		}
-
-		for qname, want := range tc.wantPending {
-			got := h.GetPendingMessages(t, r, qname)
-			if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, h.IgnoreIDOpt); diff != "" {
-				t.Errorf("%s;\nmismatch found in %q; (-want,+got)\n%s", tc.desc, base.PendingKey(qname), diff)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestClientEnqueueWithHeadersScheduled(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	client := NewClient(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	oneHourLater := now.Add(time.Hour)
-	headers := map[string]string{
-		"correlation-id": "xyz-123",
-		"source":         "api",
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		desc          string
-		task          *Task
-		processAt     time.Time
-		opts          []Option
-		wantInfo      *TaskInfo
-		wantScheduled map[string][]base.Z
-	}{
-		{
-			desc:      "Schedule task with headers",
-			task:      NewTaskWithHeaders("scheduled_task", []byte("payload"), headers),
-			processAt: oneHourLater,
-			opts:      []Option{},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "default",
-				Type:          "scheduled_task",
-				Payload:       []byte("payload"),
-				Headers:       headers,
-				State:         TaskStateScheduled,
-				MaxRetry:      defaultMaxRetry,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: oneHourLater,
-			},
-			wantScheduled: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {
-					{
-						Message: &base.TaskMessage{
-							Type:     "scheduled_task",
-							Payload:  []byte("payload"),
-							Headers:  headers,
-							Retry:    defaultMaxRetry,
-							Queue:    "default",
-							Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-							Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-						},
-						Score: oneHourLater.Unix(),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r)
-
-		opts := append(tc.opts, ProcessAt(tc.processAt))
-		gotInfo, err := client.Enqueue(tc.task, opts...)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("%s: Enqueue failed: %v", tc.desc, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		cmpOptions := []cmp.Option{
-			cmpopts.IgnoreFields(TaskInfo{}, "ID"),
-			cmpopts.EquateApproxTime(500 * time.Millisecond),
-		}
-		if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.wantInfo, gotInfo, cmpOptions...); diff != "" {
-			t.Errorf("%s;\nEnqueue(task, ProcessAt(%v)) returned %v, want %v; (-want,+got)\n%s",
-				tc.desc, tc.processAt, gotInfo, tc.wantInfo, diff)
-		}
-
-		for qname, want := range tc.wantScheduled {
-			gotScheduled := h.GetScheduledEntries(t, r, qname)
-			if diff := cmp.Diff(want, gotScheduled, h.IgnoreIDOpt, cmpopts.EquateEmpty()); diff != "" {
-				t.Errorf("%s;\nmismatch found in %q; (-want,+got)\n%s", tc.desc, base.ScheduledKey(qname), diff)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNewTaskWithHeaders(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		desc     string
-		typename string
-		payload  []byte
-		headers  map[string]string
-		opts     []Option
-		want     *Task
-	}{
-		{
-			desc:     "Task with headers",
-			typename: "test_task",
-			payload:  []byte("test payload"),
-			headers:  map[string]string{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"},
-			opts:     []Option{MaxRetry(3)},
-			want: &Task{
-				typename: "test_task",
-				payload:  []byte("test payload"),
-				headers:  map[string]string{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"},
-				opts:     []Option{MaxRetry(3)},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:     "Task with empty headers",
-			typename: "empty_headers",
-			payload:  nil,
-			headers:  map[string]string{},
-			opts:     nil,
-			want: &Task{
-				typename: "empty_headers",
-				payload:  nil,
-				headers:  map[string]string{},
-				opts:     nil,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:     "Task with nil headers",
-			typename: "nil_headers",
-			payload:  []byte("data"),
-			headers:  nil,
-			opts:     []Option{Queue("test")},
-			want: &Task{
-				typename: "nil_headers",
-				payload:  []byte("data"),
-				headers:  nil,
-				opts:     []Option{Queue("test")},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		got := NewTaskWithHeaders(tc.typename, tc.payload, tc.headers, tc.opts...)
-
-		if got.Type() != tc.want.typename {
-			t.Errorf("%s: Type() = %q, want %q", tc.desc, got.Type(), tc.want.typename)
-		}
-
-		if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.want.payload, got.Payload()); diff != "" {
-			t.Errorf("%s: Payload() mismatch (-want,+got)\n%s", tc.desc, diff)
-		}
-
-		if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.want.headers, got.Headers()); diff != "" {
-			t.Errorf("%s: Headers() mismatch (-want,+got)\n%s", tc.desc, diff)
-		}
-
-		if tc.headers != nil && got.Headers() != nil {
-			tc.headers["modified"] = "test"
-			if _, exists := got.Headers()["modified"]; exists {
-				t.Errorf("%s: Headers should be cloned, but modification affected task headers", tc.desc)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTaskHeadersMethod(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		desc    string
-		task    *Task
-		want    map[string]string
-		wantNil bool
-	}{
-		{
-			desc:    "Task created with NewTask has nil headers",
-			task:    NewTask("test", []byte("data")),
-			want:    nil,
-			wantNil: true,
-		},
-		{
-			desc: "Task created with NewTaskWithHeaders has headers",
-			task: NewTaskWithHeaders("test", []byte("data"), map[string]string{"key": "value"}),
-			want: map[string]string{"key": "value"},
-		},
-		{
-			desc: "Task created with empty headers",
-			task: NewTaskWithHeaders("test", []byte("data"), map[string]string{}),
-			want: map[string]string{},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:    "Task created with nil headers",
-			task:    NewTaskWithHeaders("test", []byte("data"), nil),
-			want:    nil,
-			wantNil: true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		got := tc.task.Headers()
-
-		if tc.wantNil {
-			if got != nil {
-				t.Errorf("%s: Headers() = %v, want nil", tc.desc, got)
-			}
-		} else {
-			if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.want, got); diff != "" {
-				t.Errorf("%s: Headers() mismatch (-want,+got)\n%s", tc.desc, diff)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestClientEnqueueWithHeadersAndGroup(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	client := NewClient(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	headers := map[string]string{
-		"batch-id": "batch-123",
-		"priority": "high",
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		desc       string
-		task       *Task
-		opts       []Option
-		wantInfo   *TaskInfo
-		wantGroups map[string]map[string][]base.Z
-	}{
-		{
-			desc: "Task with headers and group",
-			task: NewTaskWithHeaders("batch_process", []byte("item1"), headers),
-			opts: []Option{Group("batch-123")},
-			wantInfo: &TaskInfo{
-				Queue:         "default",
-				Group:         "batch-123",
-				Type:          "batch_process",
-				Payload:       []byte("item1"),
-				Headers:       headers,
-				State:         TaskStateAggregating,
-				MaxRetry:      defaultMaxRetry,
-				Retried:       0,
-				LastErr:       "",
-				LastFailedAt:  time.Time{},
-				Timeout:       defaultTimeout,
-				Deadline:      time.Time{},
-				NextProcessAt: time.Time{},
-			},
-			wantGroups: map[string]map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {
-					"batch-123": {
-						{
-							Message: &base.TaskMessage{
-								Type:     "batch_process",
-								Payload:  []byte("item1"),
-								Headers:  headers,
-								Retry:    defaultMaxRetry,
-								Queue:    "default",
-								Timeout:  int64(defaultTimeout.Seconds()),
-								Deadline: noDeadline.Unix(),
-								GroupKey: "batch-123",
-							},
-							Score: now.Unix(),
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r)
-
-		gotInfo, err := client.Enqueue(tc.task, tc.opts...)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("%s: Enqueue failed: %v", tc.desc, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		cmpOptions := []cmp.Option{
-			cmpopts.IgnoreFields(TaskInfo{}, "ID"),
-			cmpopts.EquateApproxTime(500 * time.Millisecond),
-		}
-		if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.wantInfo, gotInfo, cmpOptions...); diff != "" {
-			t.Errorf("%s;\nEnqueue(task) returned %v, want %v; (-want,+got)\n%s",
-				tc.desc, gotInfo, tc.wantInfo, diff)
-		}
-
-		for qname, groups := range tc.wantGroups {
-			for groupKey, want := range groups {
-				got := h.GetGroupEntries(t, r, qname, groupKey)
-				if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, h.IgnoreIDOpt, cmpopts.EquateEmpty()); diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("%s;\nmismatch found in %q; (-want,+got)\n%s", tc.desc, base.GroupKey(qname, groupKey), diff)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBatchEnqueueContext_ImmediateTasks(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	client := NewClient(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	tasks := []*Task{
-		NewTask("task1", []byte("payload1")),
-		NewTask("task2", []byte("payload2")),
-		NewTask("task3", []byte("payload3")),
-	}
-
-	results := client.BatchEnqueueContext(context.Background(), tasks)
-	if len(results) != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueueContext returned %d results, want 3", len(results))
-	}
-	for i, res := range results {
-		if res.Err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].Err = %v, want nil", i, res.Err)
-		}
-		if res.TaskInfo == nil {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].TaskInfo is nil, want non-nil", i)
-			continue
-		}
-		if res.TaskInfo.Queue != "default" {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].TaskInfo.Queue = %q, want %q", i, res.TaskInfo.Queue, "default")
-		}
-		if res.TaskInfo.State != TaskStatePending {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].TaskInfo.State = %v, want %v", i, res.TaskInfo.State, TaskStatePending)
-		}
-	}
-
-	gotPending := h.GetPendingMessages(t, r, "default")
-	if len(gotPending) != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("len(pending) = %d, want 3", len(gotPending))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBatchEnqueueContext_ScheduledTask(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	client := NewClient(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	future := time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)
-	tasks := []*Task{
-		NewTask("scheduled_task", []byte("payload"), ProcessAt(future)),
-	}
-
-	results := client.BatchEnqueueContext(context.Background(), tasks)
-	if len(results) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueueContext returned %d results, want 1", len(results))
-	}
-	if results[0].Err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("results[0].Err = %v, want nil", results[0].Err)
-	}
-	if results[0].TaskInfo == nil {
-		t.Fatal("results[0].TaskInfo is nil, want non-nil")
-	}
-	if results[0].TaskInfo.State != TaskStateScheduled {
-		t.Errorf("results[0].TaskInfo.State = %v, want %v", results[0].TaskInfo.State, TaskStateScheduled)
-	}
-
-	gotScheduled := h.GetScheduledMessages(t, r, "default")
-	if len(gotScheduled) != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("len(scheduled) = %d, want 1", len(gotScheduled))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBatchEnqueueContext_MixedBatch(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	client := NewClient(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	future := time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)
-	tasks := []*Task{
-		NewTask("immediate1", []byte("p1")),
-		NewTask("scheduled1", []byte("p2"), ProcessAt(future)),
-		NewTask("immediate2", []byte("p3")),
-		NewTask("grouped1", []byte("p4"), Group("mygroup")),
-		NewTask("immediate3", []byte("p5")),
-	}
-
-	results := client.BatchEnqueueContext(context.Background(), tasks)
-	if len(results) != 5 {
-		t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueueContext returned %d results, want 5", len(results))
-	}
-
-	// Immediate tasks (indices 0, 2, 4) should succeed with Pending state.
-	for _, idx := range []int{0, 2, 4} {
-		if results[idx].Err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].Err = %v, want nil (immediate task)", idx, results[idx].Err)
-		}
-		if results[idx].TaskInfo == nil {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].TaskInfo is nil, want non-nil", idx)
-			continue
-		}
-		if results[idx].TaskInfo.State != TaskStatePending {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].TaskInfo.State = %v, want %v", idx, results[idx].TaskInfo.State, TaskStatePending)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Scheduled task (index 1) should succeed with Scheduled state.
-	if results[1].Err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("results[1].Err = %v, want nil (scheduled task)", results[1].Err)
-	}
-	if results[1].TaskInfo != nil && results[1].TaskInfo.State != TaskStateScheduled {
-		t.Errorf("results[1].TaskInfo.State = %v, want %v", results[1].TaskInfo.State, TaskStateScheduled)
-	}
-
-	// Grouped task (index 3) should be rejected.
-	if results[3].Err == nil {
-		t.Error("results[3].Err is nil, want error for group task")
-	}
-
-	gotPending := h.GetPendingMessages(t, r, "default")
-	if len(gotPending) != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("len(pending) = %d, want 3", len(gotPending))
-	}
-
-	gotScheduled := h.GetScheduledMessages(t, r, "default")
-	if len(gotScheduled) != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("len(scheduled) = %d, want 1", len(gotScheduled))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBatchEnqueueContext_ValidationErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	setup(t)
-	client := NewClient(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		desc  string
-		tasks []*Task
-		opts  []Option
-	}{
-		{
-			desc:  "nil task",
-			tasks: []*Task{nil},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:  "empty task typename",
-			tasks: []*Task{NewTask("", []byte("payload"))},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:  "blank task typename",
-			tasks: []*Task{NewTask("   ", []byte("payload"))},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:  "invalid option: unique TTL less than 1s",
-			tasks: []*Task{NewTask("foo", nil)},
-			opts:  []Option{Unique(300 * time.Millisecond)},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:  "group task rejected",
-			tasks: []*Task{NewTask("foo", nil, Group("mygroup"))},
-		},
-		{
-			desc:  "unique task rejected",
-			tasks: []*Task{NewTask("foo", nil, Unique(time.Hour))},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		results := client.BatchEnqueueContext(context.Background(), tc.tasks, tc.opts...)
-		if len(results) != len(tc.tasks) {
-			t.Errorf("%s: got %d results, want %d", tc.desc, len(results), len(tc.tasks))
-			continue
-		}
-		for i, res := range results {
-			if res.Err == nil {
-				t.Errorf("%s: results[%d].Err = nil, want non-nil error", tc.desc, i)
-			}
-			if res.TaskInfo != nil {
-				t.Errorf("%s: results[%d].TaskInfo = %v, want nil", tc.desc, i, res.TaskInfo)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBatchEnqueueContext_BrokerError(t *testing.T) {
-	r := rdb.NewRDB(setup(t))
-	defer r.Close()
-	testBroker := testbroker.NewTestBroker(r)
-	client := &Client{broker: testBroker, sharedConnection: true}
-
-	tasks := []*Task{
-		NewTask("task1", []byte("p1")),
-		NewTask("task2", []byte("p2")),
-	}
-
-	testBroker.Sleep()
-	results := client.BatchEnqueueContext(context.Background(), tasks)
-	testBroker.Wakeup()
-
-	if len(results) != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueueContext returned %d results, want 2", len(results))
-	}
-	for i, res := range results {
-		if res.Err == nil {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].Err = nil, want non-nil error when broker is down", i)
-		}
-		if res.TaskInfo != nil {
-			t.Errorf("results[%d].TaskInfo = %v, want nil on broker error", i, res.TaskInfo)
-		}
-	}
-}

doc.go

@@ -8,41 +8,41 @@ Package asynq provides a framework for Redis based distrubted task queue.
 Asynq uses Redis as a message broker. To connect to redis,
 specify the connection using one of RedisConnOpt types.
 
-	redisConnOpt = asynq.RedisClientOpt{
-	    Addr:     "127.0.0.1:6379",
-	    Password: "xxxxx",
-	    DB:       2,
-	}
+    redisConnOpt = asynq.RedisClientOpt{
+        Addr:     "127.0.0.1:6379",
+        Password: "xxxxx",
+        DB:       2,
+    }
 
 The Client is used to enqueue a task.
 
-	client := asynq.NewClient(redisConnOpt)
 
-	// Task is created with two parameters: its type and payload.
-	// Payload data is simply an array of bytes. It can be encoded in JSON, Protocol Buffer, Gob, etc.
-	b, err := json.Marshal(ExamplePayload{UserID: 42})
-	if err != nil {
-	    log.Fatal(err)
-	}
+    client := asynq.NewClient(redisConnOpt)
 
-	task := asynq.NewTask("example", b)
+    // Task is created with two parameters: its type and payload.
+    // Payload data is simply an array of bytes. It can be encoded in JSON, Protocol Buffer, Gob, etc.
+    b, err := json.Marshal(ExamplePayload{UserID: 42})
+    if err != nil {
+        log.Fatal(err)
+    }
 
-	// Enqueue the task to be processed immediately.
-	info, err := client.Enqueue(task)
+    task := asynq.NewTask("example", b)
 
-	// Schedule the task to be processed after one minute.
-	info, err = client.Enqueue(t, asynq.ProcessIn(1*time.Minute))
+    // Enqueue the task to be processed immediately.
+    info, err := client.Enqueue(task)
+
+    // Schedule the task to be processed after one minute.
+    info, err = client.Enqueue(t, asynq.ProcessIn(1*time.Minute))
 
 The Server is used to run the task processing workers with a given
 handler.
+    srv := asynq.NewServer(redisConnOpt, asynq.Config{
+        Concurrency: 10,
+    })
 
-	srv := asynq.NewServer(redisConnOpt, asynq.Config{
-	    Concurrency: 10,
-	})
-
-	if err := srv.Run(handler); err != nil {
-	    log.Fatal(err)
-	}
+    if err := srv.Run(handler); err != nil {
+        log.Fatal(err)
+    }
 
 Handler is an interface type with a method which
 takes a task and returns an error. Handler should return nil if
@@ -50,24 +50,23 @@ the processing is successful, otherwise return a non-nil error.
 If handler panics or returns a non-nil error, the task will be retried in the future.
 
 Example of a type that implements the Handler interface.
+    type TaskHandler struct {
+        // ...
+    }
 
-	type TaskHandler struct {
-	    // ...
-	}
+    func (h *TaskHandler) ProcessTask(ctx context.Context, task *asynq.Task) error {
+        switch task.Type {
+        case "example":
+            var data ExamplePayload
+            if err := json.Unmarshal(task.Payload(), &data); err != nil {
+                return err
+            }
+            // perform task with the data
 
-	func (h *TaskHandler) ProcessTask(ctx context.Context, task *asynq.Task) error {
-	    switch task.Type {
-	    case "example":
-	        var data ExamplePayload
-	        if err := json.Unmarshal(task.Payload(), &data); err != nil {
-	            return err
-	        }
-	        // perform task with the data
-
-	    default:
-	        return fmt.Errorf("unexpected task type %q", task.Type)
-	    }
-	    return nil
-	}
+        default:
+            return fmt.Errorf("unexpected task type %q", task.Type)
+        }
+        return nil
+    }
 */
 package asynq

example_test.go

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func ExampleResultWriter() {
 		res := []byte("task result data")
 		n, err := task.ResultWriter().Write(res) // implements io.Writer
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to write task result: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to write task result: %v", err)
 		}
 		log.Printf(" %d bytes written", n)
 		return nil

go.mod

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 module github.com/hibiken/asynq
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.22
 
 require (
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
-	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.14.1
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.0
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.8.0
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.2
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ github.com/bsm/ginkgo/v2 v2.12.0 h1:Ny8MWAHyOepLGlLKYmXG4IEkioBysk6GpaRTLC8zwWs=
 github.com/bsm/ginkgo/v2 v2.12.0/go.mod h1:SwYbGRRDovPVboqFv0tPTcG1sN61LM1Z4ARdbAV9g4c=
 github.com/bsm/gomega v1.27.10 h1:yeMWxP2pV2fG3FgAODIY8EiRE3dy0aeFYt4l7wh6yKA=
 github.com/bsm/gomega v1.27.10/go.mod h1:JyEr/xRbxbtgWNi8tIEVPUYZ5Dzef52k01W3YH0H+O0=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f h1:lO4WD4F/rVNCu3HqELle0jiPLLBs70cWOduZpkS1E78=
 github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f/go.mod h1:cuUVRXasLTGF7a8hSLbxyZXjz+1KgoB3wDUb6vlszIc=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX3N/iU=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
@@ -20,23 +20,23 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.14.1 h1:nDCrEiJmfOWhD76xlaw+HXT0c9hfNWeXgl0vIRYSDvQ=
-github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.14.1/go.mod h1:huWgSWd8mW6+m0VPhJjSSQ+d6Nh1VICQ6Q5lHuCH/Iw=
+github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.0 h1:HhLSs+B6O021gwzl+locl0zEDnyNkxMtf/Z3NNBMa9E=
+github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.0/go.mod h1:f6zhXITC7JUJIlPEiBOTXxJgPLdZcA93GewI7inzyWw=
 github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 h1:WdRxkvbJztn8LMz/QEvLN5sBU+xKpSqwwUO1Pjr4qDs=
 github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:eQICP3HwyT7UooqI/z+Ov+PtYAWygg1TEWWzGIFLtro=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
-github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 h1:h2x0u2shc1QuLHfxi+cTJvs30+ZAHOGRic8uyGTDWxY=
-github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0/go.mod h1:jNfB8QC9IA6ZuY2ZjDp0KtFO2LZZlg4S/7bzP6qqeHo=
+github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 h1:ntdiHjuueXFgm5nzDRdOS4yfT43P5Fnud6DH50rz/7w=
+github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0/go.mod h1:ancEpBxwJDODSW/UG4rDrAqiKolqNNh2DX3mk86cAdo=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0 h1:pSgiaMZlXftHpm5L7V1+rVB+AZJydKsMxsQBIJw4PKk=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 h1:fdNQudmxPjkdUTPnLn5mdQv7Zwvbvpaxqs831goi9kQ=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 h1:MRx4UaLrDotUKUdCIqzPC48t1Y9hANFKIRpNx+Te8PI=
-golang.org/x/time v0.14.0/go.mod h1:eL/Oa2bBBK0TkX57Fyni+NgnyQQN4LitPmob2Hjnqw4=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0 h1:wBqf8DvsY9Y/2P8gAfPDEYNuS30J4lPHJxXSb/nJZ+s=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/time v0.8.0 h1:9i3RxcPv3PZnitoVGMPDKZSq1xW1gK1Xy3ArNOGZfEg=
+golang.org/x/time v0.8.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.2 h1:8Ar7bF+apOIoThw1EdZl0p1oWvMqTHmpA2fRTyZO8io=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.2/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=

inspector.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 package asynq
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) GetTaskInfo(queue, id string) (*TaskInfo, error) {
 	case errors.IsTaskNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrTaskNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	return newTaskInfo(info.Message, info.State, info.NextProcessAt, info.Result), nil
 }
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ func Page(n int) ListOption {
 // By default, it retrieves the first 30 tasks.
 func (i *Inspector) ListPendingTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInfo, error) {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	opt := composeListOptions(opts...)
 	pgn := rdb.Pagination{Size: opt.pageSize, Page: opt.pageNum - 1}
@@ -326,7 +325,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListPendingTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskI
 	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	var tasks []*TaskInfo
 	for _, i := range infos {
@@ -345,7 +344,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListPendingTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskI
 // By default, it retrieves the first 30 tasks.
 func (i *Inspector) ListActiveTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInfo, error) {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	opt := composeListOptions(opts...)
 	pgn := rdb.Pagination{Size: opt.pageSize, Page: opt.pageNum - 1}
@@ -354,11 +353,11 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListActiveTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskIn
 	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	expired, err := i.rdb.ListLeaseExpired(time.Now(), queue)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	expiredSet := make(map[string]struct{}) // set of expired message IDs
 	for _, msg := range expired {
@@ -385,7 +384,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListActiveTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskIn
 // By default, it retrieves the first 30 tasks.
 func (i *Inspector) ListAggregatingTasks(queue, group string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInfo, error) {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	opt := composeListOptions(opts...)
 	pgn := rdb.Pagination{Size: opt.pageSize, Page: opt.pageNum - 1}
@@ -394,7 +393,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListAggregatingTasks(queue, group string, opts ...ListOption
 	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	var tasks []*TaskInfo
 	for _, i := range infos {
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListAggregatingTasks(queue, group string, opts ...ListOption
 // By default, it retrieves the first 30 tasks.
 func (i *Inspector) ListScheduledTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInfo, error) {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	opt := composeListOptions(opts...)
 	pgn := rdb.Pagination{Size: opt.pageSize, Page: opt.pageNum - 1}
@@ -423,7 +422,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListScheduledTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*Tas
 	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	var tasks []*TaskInfo
 	for _, i := range infos {
@@ -443,7 +442,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListScheduledTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*Tas
 // By default, it retrieves the first 30 tasks.
 func (i *Inspector) ListRetryTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInfo, error) {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	opt := composeListOptions(opts...)
 	pgn := rdb.Pagination{Size: opt.pageSize, Page: opt.pageNum - 1}
@@ -452,7 +451,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListRetryTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInf
 	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	var tasks []*TaskInfo
 	for _, i := range infos {
@@ -472,7 +471,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListRetryTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInf
 // By default, it retrieves the first 30 tasks.
 func (i *Inspector) ListArchivedTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInfo, error) {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	opt := composeListOptions(opts...)
 	pgn := rdb.Pagination{Size: opt.pageSize, Page: opt.pageNum - 1}
@@ -481,7 +480,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListArchivedTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*Task
 	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	var tasks []*TaskInfo
 	for _, i := range infos {
@@ -501,7 +500,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListArchivedTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*Task
 // By default, it retrieves the first 30 tasks.
 func (i *Inspector) ListCompletedTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*TaskInfo, error) {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	opt := composeListOptions(opts...)
 	pgn := rdb.Pagination{Size: opt.pageSize, Page: opt.pageNum - 1}
@@ -510,7 +509,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ListCompletedTasks(queue string, opts ...ListOption) ([]*Tas
 	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	var tasks []*TaskInfo
 	for _, i := range infos {
@@ -584,30 +583,6 @@ func (i *Inspector) DeleteAllAggregatingTasks(queue, group string) (int, error)
 	return int(n), err
 }
 
-// UpdateTaskPayload updates a task with the given id from the given queue with given payload.
-// The task needs to be in scheduled state,
-// otherwise UpdateTaskPayload will return an error.
-//
-// If a queue with the given name doesn't exist, it returns an error wrapping ErrQueueNotFound.
-// If a task with the given id doesn't exist in the queue, it returns an error wrapping ErrTaskNotFound.
-// If the task is not in scheduled state, it returns a non-nil error.
-func (i *Inspector) UpdateTaskPayload(queue, id string, payload []byte) error {
-	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
-	}
-	err := i.rdb.UpdateTaskPayload(queue, id, payload)
-	switch {
-	case errors.IsQueueNotFound(err):
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrQueueNotFound)
-	case errors.IsTaskNotFound(err):
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrTaskNotFound)
-	case err != nil:
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-
-}
-
 // DeleteTask deletes a task with the given id from the given queue.
 // The task needs to be in pending, scheduled, retry, or archived state,
 // otherwise DeleteTask will return an error.
@@ -617,7 +592,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) UpdateTaskPayload(queue, id string, payload []byte) error {
 // If the task is in active state, it returns a non-nil error.
 func (i *Inspector) DeleteTask(queue, id string) error {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	err := i.rdb.DeleteTask(queue, id)
 	switch {
@@ -626,7 +601,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) DeleteTask(queue, id string) error {
 	case errors.IsTaskNotFound(err):
 		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrTaskNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 
@@ -681,7 +656,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) RunAllAggregatingTasks(queue, group string) (int, error) {
 // If the task is in pending or active state, it returns a non-nil error.
 func (i *Inspector) RunTask(queue, id string) error {
 	if err := base.ValidateQueueName(queue); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	err := i.rdb.RunTask(queue, id)
 	switch {
@@ -690,7 +665,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) RunTask(queue, id string) error {
 	case errors.IsTaskNotFound(err):
 		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrTaskNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -753,7 +728,7 @@ func (i *Inspector) ArchiveTask(queue, id string) error {
 	case errors.IsTaskNotFound(err):
 		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", ErrTaskNotFound)
 	case err != nil:
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1003,13 +978,6 @@ func parseOption(s string) (Option, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return Retention(d), nil
-	case "Header":
-		var h [2]string
-		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(arg), &h)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return Header(h[0], h[1]), nil
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot not parse option string %q", s)
 	}

inspector_test.go

@@ -2369,148 +2369,6 @@ func TestInspectorRunAllArchivedTasks(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestInspectorUpdateTaskPayloadUpdatesScheduledTaskPayload(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	defer r.Close()
-	m1_old := h.NewTaskMessage("task1", []byte("m1_old"))
-	m1_new := h.NewTaskMessage("task1", nil)
-	m1_new.ID = m1_old.ID
-	m2_old := h.NewTaskMessage("task2", nil)
-	m2_new := h.NewTaskMessage("task2", []byte("m2_new"))
-	m2_new.ID = m2_old.ID
-	m3_old := h.NewTaskMessageWithQueue("task3", []byte("m3_old"), "custom")
-	m3_new := h.NewTaskMessageWithQueue("task3", []byte("m3_new"), "custom")
-	m3_new.ID = m3_old.ID
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	z1_old := base.Z{Message: m1_old, Score: now.Add(5 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-	z1_new := base.Z{Message: m1_new, Score: now.Add(5 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-	z2_old := base.Z{Message: m2_old, Score: now.Add(15 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-	z2_new := base.Z{Message: m2_new, Score: now.Add(15 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-	z3_old := base.Z{Message: m3_old, Score: now.Add(2 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-	z3_new := base.Z{Message: m3_new, Score: now.Add(2 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-
-	inspector := NewInspector(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		scheduled     map[string][]base.Z
-		qname         string
-		id            string
-		newPayload    []byte
-		wantScheduled map[string][]base.Z
-	}{
-		{
-			scheduled: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1_old, z2_old},
-				"custom":  {z3_old},
-			},
-			qname:      "default",
-			id:         createScheduledTask(z2_old).ID,
-			newPayload: m2_new.Payload,
-			wantScheduled: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1_old, z2_new},
-				"custom":  {z3_old},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			scheduled: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1_old, z2_old},
-				"custom":  {z3_old},
-			},
-			qname:      "default",
-			id:         createScheduledTask(z1_old).ID,
-			newPayload: m1_new.Payload,
-			wantScheduled: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1_new, z2_old},
-				"custom":  {z3_old},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			scheduled: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1_old, z2_old},
-				"custom":  {z3_old},
-			},
-			qname:      "custom",
-			id:         createScheduledTask(z3_old).ID,
-			newPayload: m3_new.Payload,
-			wantScheduled: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1_old, z2_old},
-				"custom":  {z3_new},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r)
-		h.SeedAllScheduledQueues(t, r, tc.scheduled)
-
-		if err := inspector.UpdateTaskPayload(tc.qname, tc.id, tc.newPayload); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("UpdateTask(%q, %q) returned error: %v", tc.qname, tc.id, err)
-		}
-		for qname, want := range tc.wantScheduled {
-			gotScheduled := h.GetScheduledEntries(t, r, qname)
-			if diff := cmp.Diff(want, gotScheduled, h.SortZSetEntryOpt); diff != "" {
-				t.Errorf("unexpected scheduled tasks in queue %q: (-want, +got)\n%s", qname, diff)
-			}
-
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInspectorUpdateTaskPayloadError(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	defer r.Close()
-	m1 := h.NewTaskMessage("task1", nil)
-	m2 := h.NewTaskMessage("task2", nil)
-	m3 := h.NewTaskMessageWithQueue("task3", nil, "custom")
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	z1 := base.Z{Message: m1, Score: now.Add(5 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-	z2 := base.Z{Message: m2, Score: now.Add(15 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-	z3 := base.Z{Message: m3, Score: now.Add(2 * time.Minute).Unix()}
-
-	inspector := NewInspector(getRedisConnOpt(t))
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		tasks      map[string][]base.Z
-		qname      string
-		id         string
-		newPayload []byte
-		wantErr    error
-	}{
-		{
-			tasks: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1, z2},
-				"custom":  {z3},
-			},
-			qname:      "nonexistent",
-			id:         createScheduledTask(z2).ID,
-			newPayload: nil,
-			wantErr:    ErrQueueNotFound,
-		},
-		{
-			tasks: map[string][]base.Z{
-				"default": {z1, z2},
-				"custom":  {z3},
-			},
-			qname:      "default",
-			id:         uuid.NewString(),
-			newPayload: nil,
-			wantErr:    ErrTaskNotFound,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r)
-		h.SeedAllScheduledQueues(t, r, tc.tasks)
-
-		if err := inspector.UpdateTaskPayload(tc.qname, tc.id, tc.newPayload); !errors.Is(err, tc.wantErr) {
-			t.Errorf("UpdateTask(%q, %q) = %v, want %v", tc.qname, tc.id, err, tc.wantErr)
-			continue
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestInspectorDeleteTaskDeletesPendingTask(t *testing.T) {
 	r := setup(t)
 	defer r.Close()
@@ -3526,7 +3384,6 @@ func TestParseOption(t *testing.T) {
 		{ProcessAt(oneHourFromNow).String(), ProcessAtOpt, oneHourFromNow},
 		{`ProcessIn(10m)`, ProcessInOpt, 10 * time.Minute},
 		{`Retention(24h)`, RetentionOpt, 24 * time.Hour},
-		{`Header(["email", "hello@example.com"])`, HeaderOpt, [2]string{"email", "hello@example.com"}},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
@@ -3574,14 +3431,6 @@ func TestParseOption(t *testing.T) {
 				if cmp.Equal(gotVal, tc.wantVal.(time.Time)) {
 					t.Fatalf("got value %v, want %v", gotVal, tc.wantVal)
 				}
-			case HeaderOpt:
-				gotVal, ok := got.Value().([2]string)
-				if !ok {
-					t.Fatal("returned Option with non array value")
-				}
-				if gotVal != tc.wantVal.([2]string) {
-					t.Fatalf("got value %v, want %v", gotVal, tc.wantVal)
-				}
 			default:
 				t.Fatalf("returned Option with unexpected type: %v", got.Type())
 			}

internal/base/base.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Version of asynq library and CLI.
-const Version = "0.26.0"
+const Version = "0.25.1"
 
 // DefaultQueueName is the queue name used if none are specified by user.
 const DefaultQueueName = "default"
@@ -240,9 +240,6 @@ type TaskMessage struct {
 	// Payload holds data needed to process the task.
 	Payload []byte
 
-	// Headers holds additional metadata for the task.
-	Headers map[string]string
-
 	// ID is a unique identifier for each task.
 	ID string
 
@@ -307,7 +304,6 @@ func EncodeMessage(msg *TaskMessage) ([]byte, error) {
 	return proto.Marshal(&pb.TaskMessage{
 		Type:         msg.Type,
 		Payload:      msg.Payload,
-		Headers:      msg.Headers,
 		Id:           msg.ID,
 		Queue:        msg.Queue,
 		Retry:        int32(msg.Retry),
@@ -332,7 +328,6 @@ func DecodeMessage(data []byte) (*TaskMessage, error) {
 	return &TaskMessage{
 		Type:         pbmsg.GetType(),
 		Payload:      pbmsg.GetPayload(),
-		Headers:      pbmsg.GetHeaders(),
 		ID:           pbmsg.GetId(),
 		Queue:        pbmsg.GetQueue(),
 		Retry:        int(pbmsg.GetRetry()),
@@ -684,14 +679,6 @@ func (l *Lease) IsValid() bool {
 	return l.expireAt.After(now) || l.expireAt.Equal(now)
 }
 
-// BatchEnqueueItem pairs a task message with optional scheduling metadata for
-// batch enqueue operations. If ProcessAt is zero, the task is enqueued for
-// immediate processing; otherwise it is added to the scheduled set.
-type BatchEnqueueItem struct {
-	Msg       *TaskMessage
-	ProcessAt time.Time // zero value → immediate
-}
-
 // Broker is a message broker that supports operations to manage task queues.
 //
 // See rdb.RDB as a reference implementation.
@@ -700,12 +687,6 @@ type Broker interface {
 	Close() error
 	Enqueue(ctx context.Context, msg *TaskMessage) error
 	EnqueueUnique(ctx context.Context, msg *TaskMessage, ttl time.Duration) error
-	// BatchEnqueue enqueues multiple tasks in a single round-trip. It returns the
-	// count of newly enqueued tasks; duplicate IDs are silently skipped. The error
-	// is non-nil only on infrastructure failure (e.g. lost connection), in which
-	// case the count is meaningless. Individual task scripts are atomic but the
-	// batch as a whole is not transactional — partial success is possible.
-	BatchEnqueue(ctx context.Context, items []BatchEnqueueItem) (int, error)
 	Dequeue(qnames ...string) (*TaskMessage, time.Time, error)
 	Done(ctx context.Context, msg *TaskMessage) error
 	MarkAsComplete(ctx context.Context, msg *TaskMessage) error

internal/errors/errors.go

@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ type Op string
 // only the last one is recorded.
 //
 // The types are:
-//
 //	errors.Op
 //		The operation being performed, usually the method
 //		being invoked (Get, Put, etc.).

internal/proto/asynq.pb.go

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.6
-// 	protoc        v5.29.3
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.34.2
+// 	protoc        v3.19.6
 // source: asynq.proto
 
 package proto
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	timestamppb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 	reflect "reflect"
 	sync "sync"
-	unsafe "unsafe"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -28,15 +27,16 @@ const (
 
 // TaskMessage is the internal representation of a task with additional
 // metadata fields.
-// Next ID: 16
+// Next ID: 15
 type TaskMessage struct {
-	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
 	// Type indicates the kind of the task to be performed.
 	Type string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=type,proto3" json:"type,omitempty"`
 	// Payload holds data needed to process the task.
 	Payload []byte `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=payload,proto3" json:"payload,omitempty"`
-	// Headers holds additional metadata for the task.
-	Headers map[string]string `protobuf:"bytes,15,rep,name=headers,proto3" json:"headers,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value"`
 	// Unique identifier for the task.
 	Id string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	// Name of the queue to which this task belongs.
@@ -71,16 +71,16 @@ type TaskMessage struct {
 	// Time when the task completed in success in Unix time,
 	// the number of seconds elapsed since January 1, 1970 UTC.
 	// This field is populated if result_ttl > 0 upon completion.
-	CompletedAt   int64 `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=completed_at,json=completedAt,proto3" json:"completed_at,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	CompletedAt int64 `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=completed_at,json=completedAt,proto3" json:"completed_at,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *TaskMessage) Reset() {
 	*x = TaskMessage{}
-	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[0]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[0]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
 }
 
 func (x *TaskMessage) String() string {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func (*TaskMessage) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *TaskMessage) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[0]
-	if x != nil {
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
 			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
@@ -120,13 +120,6 @@ func (x *TaskMessage) GetPayload() []byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (x *TaskMessage) GetHeaders() map[string]string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Headers
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (x *TaskMessage) GetId() string {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Id
@@ -213,7 +206,10 @@ func (x *TaskMessage) GetCompletedAt() int64 {
 
 // ServerInfo holds information about a running server.
 type ServerInfo struct {
-	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
 	// Host machine the server is running on.
 	Host string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=host,proto3" json:"host,omitempty"`
 	// PID of the server process.
@@ -225,7 +221,7 @@ type ServerInfo struct {
 	// List of queue names with their priorities.
 	// The server will consume tasks from the queues and prioritize
 	// queues with higher priority numbers.
-	Queues map[string]int32 `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=queues,proto3" json:"queues,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key" protobuf_val:"varint,2,opt,name=value"`
+	Queues map[string]int32 `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=queues,proto3" json:"queues,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"varint,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
 	// If set, the server will always consume tasks from a queue with higher
 	// priority.
 	StrictPriority bool `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=strict_priority,json=strictPriority,proto3" json:"strict_priority,omitempty"`
@@ -235,15 +231,15 @@ type ServerInfo struct {
 	StartTime *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=start_time,json=startTime,proto3" json:"start_time,omitempty"`
 	// Number of workers currently processing tasks.
 	ActiveWorkerCount int32 `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=active_worker_count,json=activeWorkerCount,proto3" json:"active_worker_count,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields     protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache         protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *ServerInfo) Reset() {
 	*x = ServerInfo{}
-	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[1]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
 }
 
 func (x *ServerInfo) String() string {
@@ -254,7 +250,7 @@ func (*ServerInfo) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ServerInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	if x != nil {
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
 			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
@@ -334,7 +330,10 @@ func (x *ServerInfo) GetActiveWorkerCount() int32 {
 
 // WorkerInfo holds information about a running worker.
 type WorkerInfo struct {
-	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
 	// Host matchine this worker is running on.
 	Host string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=host,proto3" json:"host,omitempty"`
 	// PID of the process in which this worker is running.
@@ -353,16 +352,16 @@ type WorkerInfo struct {
 	StartTime *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=start_time,json=startTime,proto3" json:"start_time,omitempty"`
 	// Deadline by which the worker needs to complete processing
 	// the task. If worker exceeds the deadline, the task will fail.
-	Deadline      *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,9,opt,name=deadline,proto3" json:"deadline,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	Deadline *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,9,opt,name=deadline,proto3" json:"deadline,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *WorkerInfo) Reset() {
 	*x = WorkerInfo{}
-	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[2]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[2]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
 }
 
 func (x *WorkerInfo) String() string {
@@ -373,7 +372,7 @@ func (*WorkerInfo) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *WorkerInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[2]
-	if x != nil {
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
 			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
@@ -454,7 +453,10 @@ func (x *WorkerInfo) GetDeadline() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
 // SchedulerEntry holds information about a periodic task registered
 // with a scheduler.
 type SchedulerEntry struct {
-	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
 	// Identifier of the scheduler entry.
 	Id string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	// Periodic schedule spec of the entry.
@@ -470,15 +472,15 @@ type SchedulerEntry struct {
 	// Last time the task was enqueued.
 	// Zero time if task was never enqueued.
 	PrevEnqueueTime *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=prev_enqueue_time,json=prevEnqueueTime,proto3" json:"prev_enqueue_time,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields   protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache       protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *SchedulerEntry) Reset() {
 	*x = SchedulerEntry{}
-	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[3]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[3]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
 }
 
 func (x *SchedulerEntry) String() string {
@@ -489,7 +491,7 @@ func (*SchedulerEntry) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SchedulerEntry) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[3]
-	if x != nil {
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
 			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
@@ -556,20 +558,23 @@ func (x *SchedulerEntry) GetPrevEnqueueTime() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
 // SchedulerEnqueueEvent holds information about an enqueue event
 // by a scheduler.
 type SchedulerEnqueueEvent struct {
-	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
 	// ID of the task that was enqueued.
 	TaskId string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=task_id,json=taskId,proto3" json:"task_id,omitempty"`
 	// Time the task was enqueued.
-	EnqueueTime   *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=enqueue_time,json=enqueueTime,proto3" json:"enqueue_time,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	EnqueueTime *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=enqueue_time,json=enqueueTime,proto3" json:"enqueue_time,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *SchedulerEnqueueEvent) Reset() {
 	*x = SchedulerEnqueueEvent{}
-	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[4]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[4]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
 }
 
 func (x *SchedulerEnqueueEvent) String() string {
@@ -580,7 +585,7 @@ func (*SchedulerEnqueueEvent) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SchedulerEnqueueEvent) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	mi := &file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[4]
-	if x != nil {
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
 			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
@@ -611,106 +616,146 @@ func (x *SchedulerEnqueueEvent) GetEnqueueTime() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
 
 var File_asynq_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
-const file_asynq_proto_rawDesc = "" +
-	"\n" +
-	"\vasynq.proto\x12\x05asynq\x1a\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\"\xfe\x03\n" +
-	"\vTaskMessage\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04type\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04type\x12\x18\n" +
-	"\apayload\x18\x02 \x01(\fR\apayload\x129\n" +
-	"\aheaders\x18\x0f \x03(\v2\x1f.asynq.TaskMessage.HeadersEntryR\aheaders\x12\x0e\n" +
-	"\x02id\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x02id\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05queue\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x05queue\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05retry\x18\x05 \x01(\x05R\x05retry\x12\x18\n" +
-	"\aretried\x18\x06 \x01(\x05R\aretried\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\terror_msg\x18\a \x01(\tR\berrorMsg\x12$\n" +
-	"\x0elast_failed_at\x18\v \x01(\x03R\flastFailedAt\x12\x18\n" +
-	"\atimeout\x18\b \x01(\x03R\atimeout\x12\x1a\n" +
-	"\bdeadline\x18\t \x01(\x03R\bdeadline\x12\x1d\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"unique_key\x18\n" +
-	" \x01(\tR\tuniqueKey\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\tgroup_key\x18\x0e \x01(\tR\bgroupKey\x12\x1c\n" +
-	"\tretention\x18\f \x01(\x03R\tretention\x12!\n" +
-	"\fcompleted_at\x18\r \x01(\x03R\vcompletedAt\x1a:\n" +
-	"\fHeadersEntry\x12\x10\n" +
-	"\x03key\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x03key\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05value\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x05value:\x028\x01\"\x8f\x03\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"ServerInfo\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04host\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04host\x12\x10\n" +
-	"\x03pid\x18\x02 \x01(\x05R\x03pid\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\tserver_id\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\bserverId\x12 \n" +
-	"\vconcurrency\x18\x04 \x01(\x05R\vconcurrency\x125\n" +
-	"\x06queues\x18\x05 \x03(\v2\x1d.asynq.ServerInfo.QueuesEntryR\x06queues\x12'\n" +
-	"\x0fstrict_priority\x18\x06 \x01(\bR\x0estrictPriority\x12\x16\n" +
-	"\x06status\x18\a \x01(\tR\x06status\x129\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"start_time\x18\b \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tstartTime\x12.\n" +
-	"\x13active_worker_count\x18\t \x01(\x05R\x11activeWorkerCount\x1a9\n" +
-	"\vQueuesEntry\x12\x10\n" +
-	"\x03key\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x03key\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05value\x18\x02 \x01(\x05R\x05value:\x028\x01\"\xb1\x02\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"WorkerInfo\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04host\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04host\x12\x10\n" +
-	"\x03pid\x18\x02 \x01(\x05R\x03pid\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\tserver_id\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\bserverId\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\atask_id\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x06taskId\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\ttask_type\x18\x05 \x01(\tR\btaskType\x12!\n" +
-	"\ftask_payload\x18\x06 \x01(\fR\vtaskPayload\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05queue\x18\a \x01(\tR\x05queue\x129\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"start_time\x18\b \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tstartTime\x126\n" +
-	"\bdeadline\x18\t \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\bdeadline\"\xad\x02\n" +
-	"\x0eSchedulerEntry\x12\x0e\n" +
-	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04spec\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x04spec\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\ttask_type\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\btaskType\x12!\n" +
-	"\ftask_payload\x18\x04 \x01(\fR\vtaskPayload\x12'\n" +
-	"\x0fenqueue_options\x18\x05 \x03(\tR\x0eenqueueOptions\x12F\n" +
-	"\x11next_enqueue_time\x18\x06 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\x0fnextEnqueueTime\x12F\n" +
-	"\x11prev_enqueue_time\x18\a \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\x0fprevEnqueueTime\"o\n" +
-	"\x15SchedulerEnqueueEvent\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\atask_id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06taskId\x12=\n" +
-	"\fenqueue_time\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\venqueueTimeB)Z'github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/protob\x06proto3"
+var file_asynq_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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+	0x32, 0x1a, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62,
+	0x75, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x6e, 0x65,
+	0x78, 0x74, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x75, 0x65, 0x54, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x46, 0x0a,
+	0x11, 0x70, 0x72, 0x65, 0x76, 0x5f, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x75, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x74, 0x69,
+	0x6d, 0x65, 0x18, 0x07, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x1a, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c,
+	0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x73,
+	0x74, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x65, 0x76, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x75,
+	0x65, 0x54, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x22, 0x6f, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x53, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x64, 0x75, 0x6c,
+	0x65, 0x72, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x75, 0x65, 0x45, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x12, 0x17,
+	0x0a, 0x07, 0x74, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6b, 0x5f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52,
+	0x06, 0x74, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6b, 0x49, 0x64, 0x12, 0x3d, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65,
+	0x75, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x1a, 0x2e,
+	0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2e,
+	0x54, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x52, 0x0b, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65,
+	0x75, 0x65, 0x54, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x42, 0x29, 0x5a, 0x27, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62,
+	0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x68, 0x69, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x73, 0x79,
+	0x6e, 0x71, 0x2f, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
+	0x6f, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
+}
 
 var (
 	file_asynq_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
-	file_asynq_proto_rawDescData []byte
+	file_asynq_proto_rawDescData = file_asynq_proto_rawDesc
 )
 
 func file_asynq_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	file_asynq_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
-		file_asynq_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_asynq_proto_rawDesc), len(file_asynq_proto_rawDesc)))
+		file_asynq_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_asynq_proto_rawDescData)
 	})
 	return file_asynq_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_asynq_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 7)
+var file_asynq_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 6)
 var file_asynq_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*TaskMessage)(nil),           // 0: asynq.TaskMessage
 	(*ServerInfo)(nil),            // 1: asynq.ServerInfo
 	(*WorkerInfo)(nil),            // 2: asynq.WorkerInfo
 	(*SchedulerEntry)(nil),        // 3: asynq.SchedulerEntry
 	(*SchedulerEnqueueEvent)(nil), // 4: asynq.SchedulerEnqueueEvent
-	nil,                           // 5: asynq.TaskMessage.HeadersEntry
-	nil,                           // 6: asynq.ServerInfo.QueuesEntry
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil), // 7: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	nil,                           // 5: asynq.ServerInfo.QueuesEntry
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil), // 6: google.protobuf.Timestamp
 }
 var file_asynq_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	5, // 0: asynq.TaskMessage.headers:type_name -> asynq.TaskMessage.HeadersEntry
-	6, // 1: asynq.ServerInfo.queues:type_name -> asynq.ServerInfo.QueuesEntry
-	7, // 2: asynq.ServerInfo.start_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	7, // 3: asynq.WorkerInfo.start_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	7, // 4: asynq.WorkerInfo.deadline:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	7, // 5: asynq.SchedulerEntry.next_enqueue_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	7, // 6: asynq.SchedulerEntry.prev_enqueue_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	7, // 7: asynq.SchedulerEnqueueEvent.enqueue_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	8, // [8:8] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	8, // [8:8] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	8, // [8:8] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	8, // [8:8] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:8] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	5, // 0: asynq.ServerInfo.queues:type_name -> asynq.ServerInfo.QueuesEntry
+	6, // 1: asynq.ServerInfo.start_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	6, // 2: asynq.WorkerInfo.start_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	6, // 3: asynq.WorkerInfo.deadline:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	6, // 4: asynq.SchedulerEntry.next_enqueue_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	6, // 5: asynq.SchedulerEntry.prev_enqueue_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	6, // 6: asynq.SchedulerEnqueueEvent.enqueue_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	7, // [7:7] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	7, // [7:7] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	7, // [7:7] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	7, // [7:7] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:7] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_asynq_proto_init() }
@@ -718,13 +763,75 @@ func file_asynq_proto_init() {
 	if File_asynq_proto != nil {
 		return
 	}
+	if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*TaskMessage); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[1].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*ServerInfo); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[2].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*WorkerInfo); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[3].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*SchedulerEntry); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_asynq_proto_msgTypes[4].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*SchedulerEnqueueEvent); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	type x struct{}
 	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
 		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
-			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_asynq_proto_rawDesc), len(file_asynq_proto_rawDesc)),
+			RawDescriptor: file_asynq_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   7,
+			NumMessages:   6,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   0,
 		},
@@ -733,6 +840,7 @@ func file_asynq_proto_init() {
 		MessageInfos:      file_asynq_proto_msgTypes,
 	}.Build()
 	File_asynq_proto = out.File
+	file_asynq_proto_rawDesc = nil
 	file_asynq_proto_goTypes = nil
 	file_asynq_proto_depIdxs = nil
 }

internal/proto/asynq.proto

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ option go_package = "github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/proto";
 
 // TaskMessage is the internal representation of a task with additional
 // metadata fields.
-// Next ID: 16
+// Next ID: 15
 message TaskMessage {
 	// Type indicates the kind of the task to be performed.
   string type = 1;
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ message TaskMessage {
 	// Payload holds data needed to process the task.
   bytes payload = 2;
 
-	// Headers holds additional metadata for the task.
-  map<string, string> headers = 15;
-
 	// Unique identifier for the task.
   string id = 3;
 

internal/rdb/inspect.go

@@ -264,9 +264,7 @@ for i=1,2 do
     if (table.getn(ids) > 0) then
         for _, id in ipairs(ids) do
             local bytes = redis.call("MEMORY", "USAGE", ARGV[1] .. id)
-            if bytes then
-                sample_total = sample_total + bytes
-            end
+            sample_total = sample_total + bytes
         end
         local n = redis.call("LLEN", KEYS[i])
         local avg = sample_total / table.getn(ids)
@@ -283,9 +281,7 @@ for i=3,6 do
     if (table.getn(ids) > 0) then
         for _, id in ipairs(ids) do
             local bytes = redis.call("MEMORY", "USAGE", ARGV[1] .. id)
-            if bytes then
-                sample_total = sample_total + bytes
-            end
+            sample_total = sample_total + bytes
         end
         local n = redis.call("ZCARD", KEYS[i])
         local avg = sample_total / table.getn(ids)
@@ -308,17 +304,13 @@ if table.getn(groups) > 0 then
 			local ids = redis.call("ZRANGE", group_key, 0, sample_size - 1)
 			for _, id in ipairs(ids) do
 				local bytes = redis.call("MEMORY", "USAGE", ARGV[1] .. id)
-				if bytes then
-					agg_task_sample_total = agg_task_sample_total + bytes
-					agg_task_sample_size = agg_task_sample_size + 1
-				end
+				agg_task_sample_total = agg_task_sample_total + bytes
+				agg_task_sample_size = agg_task_sample_size + 1
 			end
 		end
 	end
-	if agg_task_sample_size > 0 then
-		local avg = agg_task_sample_total / agg_task_sample_size
-		memusg = memusg + (avg * agg_task_count)
-	end
+	local avg = agg_task_sample_total / agg_task_sample_size
+	memusg = memusg + (avg * agg_task_count)
 end
 return memusg
 `)
@@ -1420,93 +1412,6 @@ func (r *RDB) archiveAll(src, dst, qname string) (int64, error) {
 	return n, nil
 }
 
-// Input:
-// KEYS[1] -> asynq:{<qname>}:t:<task_id>
-// --
-// ARGV[1] -> task message data
-//
-// Output:
-// Numeric code indicating the status:
-// Returns 1 if task is successfully updated.
-// Returns 0 if task is not found.
-// Returns -1 if task is not in scheduled state.
-var updateTaskPayloadCmd = redis.NewScript(`
--- Check if given taks exists
-if redis.call("EXISTS", KEYS[1]) == 0 then
-	return 0
-end
-local state, pending_since, group, unique_key = unpack(redis.call("HMGET", KEYS[1], "state", "pending_since", "group", "unique_key"))
-if state ~= "scheduled" then
-    return -1
-end
-local redis_call_args = {"state", state}
-
-if pending_since then
-    table.insert(redis_call_args, "pending_since")
-    table.insert(redis_call_args, pending_since)
-end
-if group then
-    table.insert(redis_call_args, "group")
-    table.insert(redis_call_args, group)
-end
-if unique_key then
-    table.insert(redis_call_args, "unique_key")
-    table.insert(redis_call_args, unique_key)
-end
-redis.call("HSET", KEYS[1], "msg", ARGV[1], unpack(redis_call_args))
-return 1
-`)
-
-// UpdateTaskPayload finds a task that matches the id from the given queue and updates it's payload.
-// It returns nil if it successfully updated the task payload.
-//
-// If a queue with the given name doesn't exist, it returns QueueNotFoundError.
-// If a task with the given id doesn't exist in the queue, it returns TaskNotFoundError
-// If a task is in active state it returns non-nil error with Code FailedPrecondition.
-func (r *RDB) UpdateTaskPayload(qname, id string, payload []byte) error {
-	var op errors.Op = "rdb.UpdateTask"
-	if err := r.checkQueueExists(qname); err != nil {
-		return errors.E(op, errors.CanonicalCode(err), err)
-	}
-
-	taskInfo, err := r.GetTaskInfo(qname, id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, err)
-	}
-
-	taskInfo.Message.Payload = payload
-
-	encoded, err := base.EncodeMessage(taskInfo.Message)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, fmt.Sprintf("cannot encode message: %v", err))
-	}
-	keys := []string{
-		base.TaskKey(qname, id),
-	}
-	argv := []interface{}{
-		encoded,
-	}
-
-	res, err := updateTaskPayloadCmd.Run(context.Background(), r.client, keys, argv...).Result()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, err)
-	}
-	n, ok := res.(int64)
-	if !ok {
-		return errors.E(op, errors.Internal, fmt.Sprintf("cast error: updateTaskCmd script returned unexported value %v", res))
-	}
-	switch n {
-	case 1:
-		return nil
-	case 0:
-		return errors.E(op, errors.NotFound, &errors.TaskNotFoundError{Queue: qname, ID: id})
-	case -1:
-		return errors.E(op, errors.FailedPrecondition, "cannot update task that is not in scheduled state.")
-	default:
-		return errors.E(op, errors.Internal, fmt.Sprintf("unexpected return value from updateTaskCmd script: %d", n))
-	}
-}
-
 // Input:
 // KEYS[1] -> asynq:{<qname>}:t:<task_id>
 // KEYS[2] -> asynq:{<qname>}:groups

internal/rdb/rdb.go

@@ -139,118 +139,6 @@ func (r *RDB) Enqueue(ctx context.Context, msg *base.TaskMessage) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// BatchEnqueue adds all given tasks to Redis using a single pipeline round-trip.
-// Each item is either enqueued immediately (ProcessAt is zero) or added to the
-// scheduled sorted set.
-//
-// WARNING: tasks whose IDs already exist in Redis are silently skipped.
-//
-// The pipeline executes independent Lua scripts per task — there is no
-// MULTI/EXEC wrapping the batch, so individual tasks may succeed or fail
-// independently. The returned int is the number of tasks actually written;
-// skipped duplicates do not count. The returned error is non-nil only when the
-// pipeline call itself fails (network error, context cancellation, etc.), in
-// which case no individual result should be trusted.
-//
-// Message encoding errors cause an immediate return before any Redis I/O.
-func (r *RDB) BatchEnqueue(ctx context.Context, items []base.BatchEnqueueItem) (int, error) {
-	var op errors.Op = "rdb.BatchEnqueue"
-	if len(items) == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	// Preload Lua scripts so that EVALSHA inside the pipeline does not fail with
-	// NOSCRIPT. Script.Run on a pipeline only sends EVALSHA (unlike non-pipeline
-	// Run which retries with EVAL on NOSCRIPT).
-	needsEnqueue, needsSchedule := false, false
-	for _, item := range items {
-		if item.ProcessAt.IsZero() {
-			needsEnqueue = true
-		} else {
-			needsSchedule = true
-		}
-		if needsEnqueue && needsSchedule {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if needsEnqueue {
-		if err := enqueueCmd.Load(ctx, r.client).Err(); err != nil {
-			return 0, errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, fmt.Sprintf("failed to load enqueue script: %v", err))
-		}
-	}
-	if needsSchedule {
-		if err := scheduleCmd.Load(ctx, r.client).Err(); err != nil {
-			return 0, errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, fmt.Sprintf("failed to load schedule script: %v", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	pipe := r.client.Pipeline()
-
-	// Track which pipeline slot holds each item's script result.
-	scriptIdxs := make([]int, 0, len(items))
-	pipeLen := 0
-
-	// Track queues we add to AllQueues in this pipeline so we can roll back the
-	// in-memory cache on failure.
-	var newQueues []string
-
-	now := r.clock.Now().UnixNano()
-
-	for _, item := range items {
-		encoded, err := base.EncodeMessage(item.Msg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, fmt.Sprintf("cannot encode message: %v", err))
-		}
-		if _, found := r.queuesPublished.Load(item.Msg.Queue); !found {
-			pipe.SAdd(ctx, base.AllQueues, item.Msg.Queue)
-			r.queuesPublished.Store(item.Msg.Queue, true)
-			newQueues = append(newQueues, item.Msg.Queue)
-			pipeLen++
-		}
-
-		if item.ProcessAt.IsZero() {
-			keys := []string{
-				base.TaskKey(item.Msg.Queue, item.Msg.ID),
-				base.PendingKey(item.Msg.Queue),
-			}
-			argv := []interface{}{encoded, item.Msg.ID, now}
-			enqueueCmd.Run(ctx, pipe, keys, argv...)
-		} else {
-			keys := []string{
-				base.TaskKey(item.Msg.Queue, item.Msg.ID),
-				base.ScheduledKey(item.Msg.Queue),
-			}
-			argv := []interface{}{encoded, item.ProcessAt.Unix(), item.Msg.ID}
-			scheduleCmd.Run(ctx, pipe, keys, argv...)
-		}
-		scriptIdxs = append(scriptIdxs, pipeLen)
-		pipeLen++
-	}
-
-	cmds, err := pipe.Exec(ctx)
-	if err != nil && err != redis.Nil {
-		for _, q := range newQueues {
-			r.queuesPublished.Delete(q)
-		}
-		return 0, errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, fmt.Sprintf("redis pipeline error: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	enqueued := 0
-	for _, idx := range scriptIdxs {
-		if idx >= len(cmds) {
-			continue
-		}
-		res, err := cmds[idx].(*redis.Cmd).Result()
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if n, ok := res.(int64); ok && n == 1 {
-			enqueued++
-		}
-	}
-	return enqueued, nil
-}
-
 // enqueueUniqueCmd enqueues the task message if the task is unique.
 //
 // KEYS[1] -> unique key
@@ -1600,7 +1488,6 @@ func (r *RDB) CancelationPubSub() (*redis.PubSub, error) {
 	pubsub := r.client.Subscribe(ctx, base.CancelChannel)
 	_, err := pubsub.Receive(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		pubsub.Close()
 		return nil, errors.E(op, errors.Unknown, fmt.Sprintf("redis pubsub receive error: %v", err))
 	}
 	return pubsub, nil

internal/rdb/rdb_test.go

@@ -160,156 +160,6 @@ func TestEnqueueTaskIdConflictError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestBatchEnqueue(t *testing.T) {
-	r := setup(t)
-	defer r.Close()
-
-	t1 := h.NewTaskMessage("send_email", h.JSON(map[string]interface{}{"to": "user@example.com"}))
-	t2 := h.NewTaskMessageWithQueue("generate_csv", h.JSON(map[string]interface{}{}), "csv")
-	t3 := h.NewTaskMessageWithQueue("sync", nil, "low")
-
-	enqueueTime := time.Now()
-	r.SetClock(timeutil.NewSimulatedClock(enqueueTime))
-
-	t.Run("enqueue multiple tasks", func(t *testing.T) {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r.client)
-		items := []base.BatchEnqueueItem{
-			{Msg: t1},
-			{Msg: t2},
-			{Msg: t3},
-		}
-
-		n, err := r.BatchEnqueue(context.Background(), items)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueue returned error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if n != 3 {
-			t.Errorf("BatchEnqueue returned %d, want 3", n)
-		}
-
-		for _, item := range items {
-			msg := item.Msg
-			pendingKey := base.PendingKey(msg.Queue)
-			pendingIDs := r.client.LRange(context.Background(), pendingKey, 0, -1).Val()
-			found := false
-			for _, id := range pendingIDs {
-				if id == msg.ID {
-					found = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if !found {
-				t.Errorf("task %s not found in pending list %s", msg.ID, pendingKey)
-			}
-
-			taskKey := base.TaskKey(msg.Queue, msg.ID)
-			state := r.client.HGet(context.Background(), taskKey, "state").Val()
-			if state != "pending" {
-				t.Errorf("state for task %s = %q, want %q", msg.ID, state, "pending")
-			}
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("empty batch", func(t *testing.T) {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r.client)
-
-		n, err := r.BatchEnqueue(context.Background(), nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueue(nil) returned error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if n != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("BatchEnqueue(nil) returned %d, want 0", n)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("duplicate IDs skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r.client)
-
-		if err := r.Enqueue(context.Background(), t1); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("pre-enqueue failed: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		dup := *t1
-		newMsg := h.NewTaskMessage("new_task", nil)
-
-		items := []base.BatchEnqueueItem{
-			{Msg: &dup},
-			{Msg: newMsg},
-		}
-		n, err := r.BatchEnqueue(context.Background(), items)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueue returned error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if n != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("BatchEnqueue returned %d, want 1 (duplicate should be skipped)", n)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("scheduled tasks", func(t *testing.T) {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r.client)
-
-		future := time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)
-		s1 := h.NewTaskMessage("deferred_email", nil)
-		items := []base.BatchEnqueueItem{
-			{Msg: t1},
-			{Msg: s1, ProcessAt: future},
-		}
-
-		n, err := r.BatchEnqueue(context.Background(), items)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BatchEnqueue returned error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if n != 2 {
-			t.Errorf("BatchEnqueue returned %d, want 2", n)
-		}
-
-		// Immediate task should be in pending.
-		pendingIDs := r.client.LRange(context.Background(), base.PendingKey(t1.Queue), 0, -1).Val()
-		foundPending := false
-		for _, id := range pendingIDs {
-			if id == t1.ID {
-				foundPending = true
-			}
-		}
-		if !foundPending {
-			t.Errorf("immediate task %s not found in pending list", t1.ID)
-		}
-
-		// Scheduled task should be in scheduled set.
-		scheduledIDs := r.client.ZRange(context.Background(), base.ScheduledKey(s1.Queue), 0, -1).Val()
-		foundScheduled := false
-		for _, id := range scheduledIDs {
-			if id == s1.ID {
-				foundScheduled = true
-			}
-		}
-		if !foundScheduled {
-			t.Errorf("scheduled task %s not found in scheduled set", s1.ID)
-		}
-
-		taskKey := base.TaskKey(s1.Queue, s1.ID)
-		state := r.client.HGet(context.Background(), taskKey, "state").Val()
-		if state != "scheduled" {
-			t.Errorf("state for scheduled task %s = %q, want %q", s1.ID, state, "scheduled")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("pipeline error from cancelled context", func(t *testing.T) {
-		h.FlushDB(t, r.client)
-
-		msg := h.NewTaskMessage("pipeline_error_task", nil)
-		items := []base.BatchEnqueueItem{{Msg: msg}}
-
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		cancel()
-
-		_, err := r.BatchEnqueue(ctx, items)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("BatchEnqueue with cancelled context returned nil error, want non-nil")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
 func TestEnqueueQueueCache(t *testing.T) {
 	r := setup(t)
 	defer r.Close()
@@ -3424,29 +3274,6 @@ func TestCancelationPubSub(t *testing.T) {
 	mu.Unlock()
 }
 
-func TestCancelationPubSubReceiveError(t *testing.T) {
-	// Use a client connected to a non-existent Redis server to trigger
-	// a Receive() error. This verifies that the pubsub connection is
-	// closed on error, preventing connection leaks.
-	client := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
-		Addr: "localhost:0", // invalid port — connection will fail
-	})
-	r := NewRDB(client)
-	defer r.Close()
-
-	pubsub, err := r.CancelationPubSub()
-	if err == nil {
-		// If no error, we must clean up the pubsub.
-		if pubsub != nil {
-			pubsub.Close()
-		}
-		t.Fatal("(*RDB).CancelationPubSub() expected to return an error when redis is unreachable")
-	}
-	if pubsub != nil {
-		t.Error("(*RDB).CancelationPubSub() expected nil pubsub on error")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestWriteResult(t *testing.T) {
 	r := setup(t)
 	defer r.Close()

internal/testbroker/testbroker.go

@@ -64,15 +64,6 @@ func (tb *TestBroker) EnqueueUnique(ctx context.Context, msg *base.TaskMessage,
 	return tb.real.EnqueueUnique(ctx, msg, ttl)
 }
 
-func (tb *TestBroker) BatchEnqueue(ctx context.Context, items []base.BatchEnqueueItem) (int, error) {
-	tb.mu.Lock()
-	defer tb.mu.Unlock()
-	if tb.sleeping {
-		return 0, errRedisDown
-	}
-	return tb.real.BatchEnqueue(ctx, items)
-}
-
 func (tb *TestBroker) Dequeue(qnames ...string) (*base.TaskMessage, time.Time, error) {
 	tb.mu.Lock()
 	defer tb.mu.Unlock()

periodic_task_manager.go

@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ func (mgr *PeriodicTaskManager) Start() error {
 		panic("asynq: cannot start uninitialized PeriodicTaskManager; use NewPeriodicTaskManager to initialize")
 	}
 	if err := mgr.initialSync(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	if err := mgr.s.Start(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("asynq: %v", err)
 	}
 	mgr.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ func (mgr *PeriodicTaskManager) Run() error {
 func (mgr *PeriodicTaskManager) initialSync() error {
 	configs, err := mgr.p.GetConfigs()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("initial call to GetConfigs failed: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("initial call to GetConfigs failed: %v", err)
 	}
 	for _, c := range configs {
 		if err := validatePeriodicTaskConfig(c); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("initial call to GetConfigs contained an invalid config: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("initial call to GetConfigs contained an invalid config: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 	mgr.add(configs)

processor.go

@@ -230,7 +230,6 @@ func (p *processor) exec() {
 						ctx:    ctx,
 					},
 				)
-				task.headers = msg.Headers
 				resCh <- p.perform(ctx, task)
 			}()
 
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ var RevokeTask = errors.New("revoke task")
 
 func (p *processor) handleFailedMessage(ctx context.Context, l *base.Lease, msg *base.TaskMessage, err error) {
 	if p.errHandler != nil {
-		p.errHandler.HandleError(ctx, NewTaskWithHeaders(msg.Type, msg.Payload, msg.Headers), err)
+		p.errHandler.HandleError(ctx, NewTask(msg.Type, msg.Payload), err)
 	}
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, RevokeTask):
@@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ func (p *processor) retry(l *base.Lease, msg *base.TaskMessage, e error, isFailu
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), l.Deadline())
 	defer cancel()
-	d := p.retryDelayFunc(msg.Retried, e, NewTaskWithHeaders(msg.Type, msg.Payload, msg.Headers))
+	d := p.retryDelayFunc(msg.Retried, e, NewTask(msg.Type, msg.Payload))
 	retryAt := time.Now().Add(d)
 	err := p.broker.Retry(ctx, msg, retryAt, e.Error(), isFailure)
 	if err != nil {

recoverer.go

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (r *recoverer) recoverLeaseExpiredTasks() {
 		return
 	}
 	for _, msg := range msgs {
-		if msg.Retried >= msg.Retry {
+		if msg.Retried >= msg.Retry && msg.Retry > 0 {
 			r.archive(msg, ErrLeaseExpired)
 		} else {
 			r.retry(msg, ErrLeaseExpired)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (r *recoverer) recoverStaleAggregationSets() {
 }
 
 func (r *recoverer) retry(msg *base.TaskMessage, err error) {
-	delay := r.retryDelayFunc(msg.Retried, err, NewTaskWithHeaders(msg.Type, msg.Payload, msg.Headers))
+	delay := r.retryDelayFunc(msg.Retried, err, NewTask(msg.Type, msg.Payload))
 	retryAt := time.Now().Add(delay)
 	if err := r.broker.Retry(context.Background(), msg, retryAt, err.Error(), r.isFailureFunc(err)); err != nil {
 		r.logger.Warnf("recoverer: could not retry lease expired task: %v", err)

servemux.go

@@ -6,16 +6,12 @@ package asynq
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 )
 
-// ErrHandlerNotFound indicates that no task handler was found for a given pattern.
-var ErrHandlerNotFound = errors.New("handler not found for task")
-
 // ServeMux is a multiplexer for asynchronous tasks.
 // It matches the type of each task against a list of registered patterns
 // and calls the handler for the pattern that most closely matches the
@@ -153,8 +149,8 @@ func (mux *ServeMux) Use(mws ...MiddlewareFunc) {
 
 // NotFound returns an error indicating that the handler was not found for the given task.
 func NotFound(ctx context.Context, task *Task) error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w %q", ErrHandlerNotFound, task.Type())
+	return fmt.Errorf("handler not found for task %q", task.Type())
 }
 
-// NotFoundHandler returns a simple task handler that returns a “not found“ error.
+// NotFoundHandler returns a simple task handler that returns a ``not found`` error.
 func NotFoundHandler() Handler { return HandlerFunc(NotFound) }

servemux_test.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func makeFakeHandler(identity string) Handler {
 }
 
 // makeFakeMiddleware returns a middleware function that appends the given identity
-// to the global invoked slice.
+//to the global invoked slice.
 func makeFakeMiddleware(identity string) MiddlewareFunc {
 	return func(next Handler) Handler {
 		return HandlerFunc(func(ctx context.Context, t *Task) error {

subscriber.go

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/base"
 	"github.com/hibiken/asynq/internal/log"
-	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 )
 
 type subscriber struct {

tools/asynq/README.md

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ By default, CLI will try to connect to a redis server running at `localhost:6379
       --config string          config file to set flag defaut values (default is $HOME/.asynq.yaml)
   -n, --db int                 redis database number (default is 0)
   -h, --help                   help for asynq
-  -U, --username string        username to use when connecting to redis server
   -p, --password string        password to use when connecting to redis server
   -u, --uri string             redis server URI (default "127.0.0.1:6379")
 

tools/asynq/cmd/cron.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 
@@ -35,14 +36,14 @@ var cronListCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
 	Short:   "List cron entries",
-	RunE:    cronList,
+	Run:     cronList,
 }
 
 var cronHistoryCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "history <entry_id> [<entry_id>...]",
 	Short: "Show history of each cron tasks",
 	Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
-	RunE:  cronHistory,
+	Run:   cronHistory,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq cron history 7837f142-6337-4217-9276-8f27281b67d1
 		$ asynq cron history 7837f142-6337-4217-9276-8f27281b67d1 bf6a8594-cd03-4968-b36a-8572c5e160dd
@@ -50,16 +51,17 @@ var cronHistoryCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		$ asynq cron history 7837f142-6337-4217-9276-8f27281b67d1 --page=2`),
 }
 
-func cronList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func cronList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	inspector := createInspector()
 
 	entries, err := inspector.SchedulerEntries()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch scheduler entries: %v", err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(entries) == 0 {
 		fmt.Println("No scheduler entries")
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 
 	// Sort entries by spec.
@@ -76,7 +78,6 @@ func cronList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 	}
 	printTable(cols, printRows)
-	return nil
 }
 
 // Returns a string describing when the next enqueue will happen.
@@ -96,14 +97,16 @@ func prevEnqueue(prevEnqueuedAt time.Time) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v ago", time.Since(prevEnqueuedAt).Round(time.Second))
 }
 
-func cronHistory(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func cronHistory(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	pageNum, err := cmd.Flags().GetInt("page")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	pageSize, err := cmd.Flags().GetInt("size")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	inspector := createInspector()
 	for i, entryID := range args {
@@ -133,5 +136,4 @@ func cronHistory(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 		printTable(cols, printRows)
 	}
-	return nil
 }

tools/asynq/cmd/dash.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc/v2"
@@ -31,14 +32,14 @@ var dashCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
         $ asynq dash
         $ asynq dash --refresh=3s`),
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		if flagPollInterval < 1*time.Second {
-			return fmt.Errorf("--refresh cannot be less than 1s")
+			fmt.Println("error: --refresh cannot be less than 1s")
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		dash.Run(dash.Options{
 			PollInterval: flagPollInterval,
 			RedisConnOpt: getRedisConnOpt(),
 		})
-		return nil
 	},
 }

tools/asynq/cmd/dash/screen_drawer.go

@@ -16,12 +16,11 @@ import (
 // ScreenDrawer is used to draw contents on screen.
 //
 // Usage example:
-//
-//	d := NewScreenDrawer(s)
-//	d.Println("Hello world", mystyle)
-//	d.NL() // adds newline
-//	d.Print("foo", mystyle.Bold(true))
-//	d.Print("bar", mystyle.Italic(true))
+//    d := NewScreenDrawer(s)
+//    d.Println("Hello world", mystyle)
+//    d.NL() // adds newline
+//    d.Print("foo", mystyle.Bold(true))
+//    d.Print("bar", mystyle.Italic(true))
 type ScreenDrawer struct {
 	l *LineDrawer
 }

tools/asynq/cmd/group.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 
 	"github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc/v2"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -30,25 +31,22 @@ var groupListCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
 	Short:   "List groups",
 	Args:    cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:    groupLists,
+	Run:     groupLists,
 }
 
-func groupLists(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func groupLists(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	inspector := createInspector()
 	groups, err := inspector.Groups(qname)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch groups: %v", err)
-	}
 	if len(groups) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No groups found in queue %q\n", qname)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	for _, g := range groups {
 		fmt.Println(g.Group)
 	}
-	return nil
 }

tools/asynq/cmd/queue.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 
 	"github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc/v2"
 	"github.com/fatih/color"
@@ -43,14 +44,16 @@ var queueListCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List queues",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
-	RunE:    queueList,
+	// TODO: Use RunE instead?
+	Run: queueList,
 }
 
 var queueInspectCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "inspect <queue> [<queue>...]",
 	Short: "Display detailed information on one or more queues",
-	Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
-	RunE: queueInspect,
+	Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+	// TODO: Use RunE instead?
+	Run: queueInspect,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq queue inspect myqueue
 		$ asynq queue inspect queue1 queue2 queue3`),
@@ -59,8 +62,8 @@ var queueInspectCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var queueHistoryCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "history <queue> [<queue>...]",
 	Short: "Display historical aggregate data from one or more queues",
-	Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
-	RunE: queueHistory,
+	Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+	Run:   queueHistory,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq queue history myqueue
 		$ asynq queue history queue1 queue2 queue3
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ var queuePauseCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "pause <queue> [<queue>...]",
 	Short: "Pause one or more queues",
 	Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
-	RunE:  queuePause,
+	Run:   queuePause,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq queue pause myqueue
 		$ asynq queue pause queue1 queue2 queue3`),
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ var queueUnpauseCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short:   "Resume (unpause) one or more queues",
 	Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
 	Aliases: []string{"unpause"},
-	RunE:    queueUnpause,
+	Run:     queueUnpause,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq queue resume myqueue
 		$ asynq queue resume queue1 queue2 queue3`),
@@ -93,14 +96,14 @@ var queueRemoveCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short:   "Remove one or more queues",
 	Aliases: []string{"rm", "delete"},
 	Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
-	RunE:    queueRemove,
+	Run:     queueRemove,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq queue rm myqueue
 		$ asynq queue rm queue1 queue2 queue3
 		$ asynq queue rm myqueue --force`),
 }
 
-func queueList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func queueList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	type queueInfo struct {
 		name    string
 		keyslot int64
@@ -109,7 +112,8 @@ func queueList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	inspector := createInspector()
 	queues, err := inspector.Queues()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch list of queues: %v", err)
+		fmt.Printf("error: Could not fetch list of queues: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	var qs []*queueInfo
 	for _, qname := range queues {
@@ -117,13 +121,13 @@ func queueList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		if useRedisCluster {
 			keyslot, err := inspector.ClusterKeySlot(qname)
 			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("error: could not get cluster keyslot for %q\n", qname)
+				fmt.Errorf("error: Could not get cluster keyslot for %q\n", qname)
 				continue
 			}
 			q.keyslot = keyslot
 			nodes, err := inspector.ClusterNodes(qname)
 			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("error: could not get cluster nodes for %q\n", qname)
+				fmt.Errorf("error: Could not get cluster nodes for %q\n", qname)
 				continue
 			}
 			q.nodes = nodes
@@ -144,10 +148,9 @@ func queueList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			fmt.Println(q.name)
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
 }
 
-func queueInspect(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func queueInspect(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	inspector := createInspector()
 	for i, qname := range args {
 		if i > 0 {
@@ -160,7 +163,6 @@ func queueInspect(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 		printQueueInfo(info)
 	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 func printQueueInfo(info *asynq.QueueInfo) {
@@ -193,10 +195,11 @@ func printQueueInfo(info *asynq.QueueInfo) {
 	)
 }
 
-func queueHistory(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func queueHistory(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	days, err := cmd.Flags().GetInt("days")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: Internal error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	inspector := createInspector()
 	for i, qname := range args {
@@ -211,7 +214,6 @@ func queueHistory(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 		printDailyStats(stats)
 	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 func printDailyStats(stats []*asynq.DailyStats) {
@@ -231,63 +233,49 @@ func printDailyStats(stats []*asynq.DailyStats) {
 	)
 }
 
-func queuePause(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func queuePause(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	inspector := createInspector()
-	var firstErr error
 	for _, qname := range args {
 		err := inspector.PauseQueue(qname)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Println(err)
-			if firstErr == nil {
-				firstErr = err
-			}
 			continue
 		}
 		fmt.Printf("Successfully paused queue %q\n", qname)
 	}
-	return firstErr
 }
 
-func queueUnpause(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func queueUnpause(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	inspector := createInspector()
-	var firstErr error
 	for _, qname := range args {
 		err := inspector.UnpauseQueue(qname)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Println(err)
-			if firstErr == nil {
-				firstErr = err
-			}
 			continue
 		}
 		fmt.Printf("Successfully unpaused queue %q\n", qname)
 	}
-	return firstErr
 }
 
-func queueRemove(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func queueRemove(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	// TODO: Use inspector once RemoveQueue become public API.
 	force, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: Internal error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	r := createRDB()
-	var firstErr error
 	for _, qname := range args {
 		err = r.RemoveQueue(qname, force)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.IsQueueNotEmpty(err) {
 				fmt.Printf("error: %v\nIf you are sure you want to delete it, run 'asynq queue rm --force %s'\n", err, qname)
-			} else {
-				fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
-			}
-			if firstErr == nil {
-				firstErr = err
+				continue
 			}
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
 			continue
 		}
 		fmt.Printf("Successfully removed queue %q\n", qname)
 	}
-	return firstErr
 }

tools/asynq/cmd/root.go

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-//
 // Copyright 2020 Kentaro Hibino. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license
 // that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -37,13 +36,11 @@ var (
 	uri      string
 	db       int
 	password string
-	username string
 
 	useRedisCluster bool
 	clusterAddrs    string
 	tlsServerName   string
 	insecure        bool
-	useTLS          bool
 )
 
 // rootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands
@@ -261,6 +258,7 @@ func adjustPadding(lines ...*displayLine) {
 func rpad(s string, padding int) string {
 	tmpl := fmt.Sprintf("%%-%ds ", padding)
 	return fmt.Sprintf(tmpl, s)
+
 }
 
 // lpad adds padding to the left of a string.
@@ -311,12 +309,10 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&uri, "uri", "u", "127.0.0.1:6379", "Redis server URI")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVarP(&db, "db", "n", 0, "Redis database number (default is 0)")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&password, "password", "p", "", "Password to use when connecting to redis server")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&username, "username", "U", "", "Username to use when connecting to Redis (ACL username)")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&useRedisCluster, "cluster", false, "Connect to redis cluster")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&clusterAddrs, "cluster_addrs",
 		"127.0.0.1:7000,127.0.0.1:7001,127.0.0.1:7002,127.0.0.1:7003,127.0.0.1:7004,127.0.0.1:7005",
 		"List of comma-separated redis server addresses")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&useTLS, "tls", false, "Enable TLS connection")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&tlsServerName, "tls_server",
 		"", "Server name for TLS validation")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&insecure, "insecure",
@@ -325,10 +321,8 @@ func init() {
 	viper.BindPFlag("uri", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("uri"))
 	viper.BindPFlag("db", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("db"))
 	viper.BindPFlag("password", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("password"))
-	viper.BindPFlag("username", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("username"))
 	viper.BindPFlag("cluster", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("cluster"))
 	viper.BindPFlag("cluster_addrs", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("cluster_addrs"))
-	viper.BindPFlag("tls", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("tls"))
 	viper.BindPFlag("tls_server", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("tls_server"))
 	viper.BindPFlag("insecure", rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("insecure"))
 }
@@ -367,7 +361,6 @@ func createRDB() *rdb.RDB {
 		c = redis.NewClusterClient(&redis.ClusterOptions{
 			Addrs:     addrs,
 			Password:  viper.GetString("password"),
-			Username:  viper.GetString("username"),
 			TLSConfig: getTLSConfig(),
 		})
 	} else {
@@ -375,7 +368,6 @@ func createRDB() *rdb.RDB {
 			Addr:      viper.GetString("uri"),
 			DB:        viper.GetInt("db"),
 			Password:  viper.GetString("password"),
-			Username:  viper.GetString("username"),
 			TLSConfig: getTLSConfig(),
 		})
 	}
@@ -398,7 +390,6 @@ func getRedisConnOpt() asynq.RedisConnOpt {
 		return asynq.RedisClusterClientOpt{
 			Addrs:     addrs,
 			Password:  viper.GetString("password"),
-			Username:  viper.GetString("username"),
 			TLSConfig: getTLSConfig(),
 		}
 	}
@@ -406,22 +397,16 @@ func getRedisConnOpt() asynq.RedisConnOpt {
 		Addr:      viper.GetString("uri"),
 		DB:        viper.GetInt("db"),
 		Password:  viper.GetString("password"),
-		Username:  viper.GetString("username"),
 		TLSConfig: getTLSConfig(),
 	}
 }
 
 func getTLSConfig() *tls.Config {
 	tlsServer := viper.GetString("tls_server")
-	if tlsServer != "" {
-		return &tls.Config{ServerName: tlsServer, InsecureSkipVerify: viper.GetBool("insecure")}
+	if tlsServer == "" {
+		return nil
 	}
-
-	if viper.GetBool("tls") {
-		return &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: viper.GetBool("insecure")}
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return &tls.Config{ServerName: tlsServer, InsecureSkipVerify: viper.GetBool("insecure")}
 }
 
 // printTable is a helper function to print data in table format.
@@ -429,22 +414,18 @@ func getTLSConfig() *tls.Config {
 // cols is a list of headers and printRow specifies how to print rows.
 //
 // Example:
-//
-//	type User struct {
-//	    Name string
-//	    Addr string
-//	    Age  int
-//	}
-//
+// type User struct {
+//     Name string
+//     Addr string
+//     Age  int
+// }
 // data := []*User{{"user1", "addr1", 24}, {"user2", "addr2", 42}, ...}
 // cols := []string{"Name", "Addr", "Age"}
-//
-//	printRows := func(w io.Writer, tmpl string) {
-//	    for _, u := range data {
-//	        fmt.Fprintf(w, tmpl, u.Name, u.Addr, u.Age)
-//	    }
-//	}
-//
+// printRows := func(w io.Writer, tmpl string) {
+//     for _, u := range data {
+//         fmt.Fprintf(w, tmpl, u.Name, u.Addr, u.Age)
+//     }
+// }
 // printTable(cols, printRows)
 func printTable(cols []string, printRows func(w io.Writer, tmpl string)) {
 	format := strings.Repeat("%v\t", len(cols)) + "\n"
@@ -487,31 +468,35 @@ func isPrintable(data []byte) bool {
 }
 
 // Helper to turn a command line flag into a duration
-func getDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, arg string) (time.Duration, error) {
+func getDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, arg string) time.Duration {
 	durationStr, err := cmd.Flags().GetString(arg)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	duration, err := time.ParseDuration(durationStr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	return duration, nil
+	return duration
 }
 
 // Helper to turn a command line flag into a time
-func getTime(cmd *cobra.Command, arg string) (time.Time, error) {
+func getTime(cmd *cobra.Command, arg string) time.Time {
 	timeStr, err := cmd.Flags().GetString(arg)
 	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	timeVal, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, timeStr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	return timeVal, nil
+	return timeVal
 }

tools/asynq/cmd/server.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -43,19 +44,20 @@ The command shows the following for each server:
 
 A "active" server is pulling tasks from queues and processing them.
 A "stopped" server is no longer pulling new tasks from queues`,
-	RunE: serverList,
+	Run: serverList,
 }
 
-func serverList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func serverList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	r := createRDB()
 
 	servers, err := r.ListServers()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch list of servers: %v", err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(servers) == 0 {
 		fmt.Println("No running servers")
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 
 	// sort by hostname and pid
@@ -78,7 +80,6 @@ func serverList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 	}
 	printTable(cols, printRows)
-	return nil
 }
 
 func formatQueues(qmap map[string]int) string {

tools/asynq/cmd/stats.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ var statsCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	    * Aggregate data for the current day
 	    * Basic information about the running redis instance`),
 	Args: cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE: stats,
+	Run:  stats,
 }
 
 var jsonFlag bool
@@ -74,12 +74,13 @@ type FullStats struct {
 	RedisInfo  map[string]string `json:"redis"`
 }
 
-func stats(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func stats(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	r := createRDB()
 
 	queues, err := r.AllQueues()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch queues: %v", err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	var aggStats AggregateStats
@@ -87,7 +88,8 @@ func stats(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	for _, qname := range queues {
 		s, err := r.CurrentStats(qname)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch stats for queue %q: %v", qname, err)
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		aggStats.Active += s.Active
 		aggStats.Pending += s.Pending
@@ -108,7 +110,8 @@ func stats(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		info, err = r.RedisInfo()
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch redis info: %v", err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	if jsonFlag {
@@ -119,11 +122,12 @@ func stats(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		})
 
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not marshal stats to JSON: %v", err)
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 
 		fmt.Println(string(statsJSON))
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 
 	bold := color.New(color.Bold)
@@ -147,7 +151,6 @@ func stats(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		printInfo(info)
 	}
 	fmt.Println()
-	return nil
 }
 
 func printStatsByState(s *AggregateStats) {

tools/asynq/cmd/task.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc/v2"
@@ -119,14 +120,14 @@ var taskListCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		$ asynq task list --queue=myqueue --state=pending
 		$ asynq task list --queue=myqueue --state=aggregating --group=mygroup
 		$ asynq task list --queue=myqueue --state=scheduled --page=2`),
-	RunE: taskList,
+	Run: taskList,
 }
 
 var taskInspectCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "inspect --queue=<queue> --id=<task_id>",
 	Short: "Display detailed information on the specified task",
 	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:  taskInspect,
+	Run:   taskInspect,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task inspect --queue=myqueue --id=f1720682-f5a6-4db1-8953-4f48ae541d0f`),
 }
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ var taskCancelCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "cancel <task_id> [<task_id>...]",
 	Short: "Cancel one or more active tasks",
 	Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
-	RunE:  taskCancel,
+	Run:   taskCancel,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task cancel f1720682-f5a6-4db1-8953-4f48ae541d0f`),
 }
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ var taskArchiveCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "archive --queue=<queue> --id=<task_id>",
 	Short: "Archive a task with the given id",
 	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:  taskArchive,
+	Run:   taskArchive,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task archive --queue=myqueue --id=f1720682-f5a6-4db1-8953-4f48ae541d0f`),
 }
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ var taskDeleteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Aliases: []string{"remove", "rm"},
 	Short:   "Delete a task with the given id",
 	Args:    cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:    taskDelete,
+	Run:     taskDelete,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task delete --queue=myqueue --id=f1720682-f5a6-4db1-8953-4f48ae541d0f`),
 }
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ var taskRunCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "run --queue=<queue> --id=<task_id>",
 	Short: "Run a task with the given id",
 	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:  taskRun,
+	Run:   taskRun,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task run --queue=myqueue --id=f1720682-f5a6-4db1-8953-4f48ae541d0f`),
 }
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ var taskEnqueueCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "enqueue --type_name=footype --payload=barpayload",
 	Short: "Enqueue a task",
 	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:  taskEnqueue,
+	Run:   taskEnqueue,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task enqueue -t footype -l barpayload
 		$ asynq task enqueue -t footask -l barpayload --retry 3 --id f1720682-f5a6-4db1-8953-4f48ae541d0f --queue bazqueue --timeout 100s --deadline 2024-12-14T01:23:45Z --unique 100s --process_at 2024-12-14T01:22:05Z --process_in 100s --retention 5h --group baygroup`),
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ var taskArchiveAllCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "archiveall --queue=<queue> --state=<state>",
 	Short: "Archive all tasks in the given state",
 	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:  taskArchiveAll,
+	Run:   taskArchiveAll,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task archiveall --queue=myqueue --state=retry
 		$ asynq task archiveall --queue=myqueue --state=aggregating --group=mygroup`),
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ var taskDeleteAllCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "deleteall --queue=<queue> --state=<state>",
 	Short: "Delete all tasks in the given state",
 	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:  taskDeleteAll,
+	Run:   taskDeleteAll,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task deleteall --queue=myqueue --state=archived
 		$ asynq task deleteall --queue=myqueue --state=aggregating --group=mygroup`),
@@ -202,66 +203,74 @@ var taskRunAllCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "runall --queue=<queue> --state=<state>",
 	Short: "Run all tasks in the given state",
 	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	RunE:  taskRunAll,
+	Run:   taskRunAll,
 	Example: heredoc.Doc(`
 		$ asynq task runall --queue=myqueue --state=retry
 		$ asynq task runall --queue=myqueue --state=aggregating --group=mygroup`),
 }
 
-func taskList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	state, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("state")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	pageNum, err := cmd.Flags().GetInt("page")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	pageSize, err := cmd.Flags().GetInt("size")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	switch state {
 	case "active":
-		return listActiveTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
+		listActiveTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
 	case "pending":
-		return listPendingTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
+		listPendingTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
 	case "scheduled":
-		return listScheduledTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
+		listScheduledTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
 	case "retry":
-		return listRetryTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
+		listRetryTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
 	case "archived":
-		return listArchivedTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
+		listArchivedTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
 	case "completed":
-		return listCompletedTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
+		listCompletedTasks(qname, pageNum, pageSize)
 	case "aggregating":
 		group, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("group")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		if group == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("flag --group is required for listing aggregating tasks")
+			fmt.Println("Flag --group is required for listing aggregating tasks")
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
-		return listAggregatingTasks(qname, group, pageNum, pageSize)
+		listAggregatingTasks(qname, group, pageNum, pageSize)
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("state=%q is not supported", state)
+		fmt.Printf("error: state=%q is not supported\n", state)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
 
-func listActiveTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
+func listActiveTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) {
 	i := createInspector()
 	tasks, err := i.ListActiveTasks(qname, asynq.PageSize(pageSize), asynq.Page(pageNum))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No active tasks in %q queue\n", qname)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	printTable(
 		[]string{"ID", "Type", "Payload"},
@@ -271,18 +280,18 @@ func listActiveTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
 			}
 		},
 	)
-	return nil
 }
 
-func listPendingTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
+func listPendingTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) {
 	i := createInspector()
 	tasks, err := i.ListPendingTasks(qname, asynq.PageSize(pageSize), asynq.Page(pageNum))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No pending tasks in %q queue\n", qname)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	printTable(
 		[]string{"ID", "Type", "Payload"},
@@ -292,18 +301,18 @@ func listPendingTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
 			}
 		},
 	)
-	return nil
 }
 
-func listScheduledTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
+func listScheduledTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) {
 	i := createInspector()
 	tasks, err := i.ListScheduledTasks(qname, asynq.PageSize(pageSize), asynq.Page(pageNum))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No scheduled tasks in %q queue\n", qname)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	printTable(
 		[]string{"ID", "Type", "Payload", "Process In"},
@@ -313,7 +322,6 @@ func listScheduledTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
 			}
 		},
 	)
-	return nil
 }
 
 // formatProcessAt formats next process at time to human friendly string.
@@ -327,15 +335,16 @@ func formatProcessAt(processAt time.Time) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("in %v", d.Round(time.Second))
 }
 
-func listRetryTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
+func listRetryTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) {
 	i := createInspector()
 	tasks, err := i.ListRetryTasks(qname, asynq.PageSize(pageSize), asynq.Page(pageNum))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No retry tasks in %q queue\n", qname)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	printTable(
 		[]string{"ID", "Type", "Payload", "Next Retry", "Last Error", "Last Failed", "Retried", "Max Retry"},
@@ -346,18 +355,18 @@ func listRetryTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
 			}
 		},
 	)
-	return nil
 }
 
-func listArchivedTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
+func listArchivedTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) {
 	i := createInspector()
 	tasks, err := i.ListArchivedTasks(qname, asynq.PageSize(pageSize), asynq.Page(pageNum))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No archived tasks in %q queue\n", qname)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	printTable(
 		[]string{"ID", "Type", "Payload", "Last Failed", "Last Error"},
@@ -366,18 +375,18 @@ func listArchivedTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
 				fmt.Fprintf(w, tmpl, t.ID, t.Type, sprintBytes(t.Payload), formatPastTime(t.LastFailedAt), t.LastErr)
 			}
 		})
-	return nil
 }
 
-func listCompletedTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
+func listCompletedTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) {
 	i := createInspector()
 	tasks, err := i.ListCompletedTasks(qname, asynq.PageSize(pageSize), asynq.Page(pageNum))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No completed tasks in %q queue\n", qname)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	printTable(
 		[]string{"ID", "Type", "Payload", "CompletedAt", "Result"},
@@ -386,18 +395,18 @@ func listCompletedTasks(qname string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
 				fmt.Fprintf(w, tmpl, t.ID, t.Type, sprintBytes(t.Payload), formatPastTime(t.CompletedAt), sprintBytes(t.Result))
 			}
 		})
-	return nil
 }
 
-func listAggregatingTasks(qname, group string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
+func listAggregatingTasks(qname, group string, pageNum, pageSize int) {
 	i := createInspector()
 	tasks, err := i.ListAggregatingTasks(qname, group, asynq.PageSize(pageSize), asynq.Page(pageNum))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
 		fmt.Printf("No aggregating tasks in group %q \n", group)
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
 	printTable(
 		[]string{"ID", "Type", "Payload", "Group"},
@@ -407,42 +416,38 @@ func listAggregatingTasks(qname, group string, pageNum, pageSize int) error {
 			}
 		},
 	)
-	return nil
 }
 
-func taskCancel(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskCancel(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	i := createInspector()
-	var firstErr error
 	for _, id := range args {
 		if err := i.CancelProcessing(id); err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("error: could not send cancelation signal: %v\n", err)
-			if firstErr == nil {
-				firstErr = err
-			}
 			continue
 		}
 		fmt.Printf("Sent cancelation signal for task %s\n", id)
 	}
-	return firstErr
 }
 
-func taskInspect(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskInspect(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	id, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("id")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	i := createInspector()
 	info, err := i.GetTaskInfo(qname, id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not get task info: %v", err)
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	printTaskInfo(info)
-	return nil
 }
 
 func printTaskInfo(info *asynq.TaskInfo) {
@@ -481,72 +486,80 @@ func formatPastTime(t time.Time) string {
 	return t.Format(time.UnixDate)
 }
 
-func taskArchive(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskArchive(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	id, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("id")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	i := createInspector()
 	err = i.ArchiveTask(qname, id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not archive task: %v", err)
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	fmt.Println("task archived")
-	return nil
 }
 
-func taskDelete(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskDelete(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	id, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("id")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	i := createInspector()
 	err = i.DeleteTask(qname, id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not delete task: %v", err)
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	fmt.Println("task deleted")
-	return nil
 }
 
-func taskRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	id, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("id")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	i := createInspector()
 	err = i.RunTask(qname, id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not run task: %v", err)
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	fmt.Println("task is now pending")
-	return nil
 }
 
-func taskEnqueue(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskEnqueue(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	typeName, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("type_name")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	payload, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("payload")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	// For all of the optional flags, we need to explicitly check whether they were set or
@@ -556,7 +569,8 @@ func taskEnqueue(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("retry") {
 		retry, err := cmd.Flags().GetInt("retry")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		opts = append(opts, asynq.MaxRetry(retry))
 	}
@@ -564,7 +578,8 @@ func taskEnqueue(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("queue") {
 		queue, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		opts = append(opts, asynq.Queue(queue))
 	}
@@ -572,63 +587,41 @@ func taskEnqueue(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("id") {
 		id, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("id")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		opts = append(opts, asynq.TaskID(id))
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("timeout") {
-		d, err := getDuration(cmd, "timeout")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		opts = append(opts, asynq.Timeout(d))
+		opts = append(opts, asynq.Timeout(getDuration(cmd, "timeout")))
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("deadline") {
-		t, err := getTime(cmd, "deadline")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		opts = append(opts, asynq.Deadline(t))
+		opts = append(opts, asynq.Deadline(getTime(cmd, "deadline")))
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("unique") {
-		d, err := getDuration(cmd, "unique")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		opts = append(opts, asynq.Unique(d))
+		opts = append(opts, asynq.Unique(getDuration(cmd, "unique")))
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("process_at") {
-		t, err := getTime(cmd, "process_at")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		opts = append(opts, asynq.ProcessAt(t))
+		opts = append(opts, asynq.ProcessAt(getTime(cmd, "process_at")))
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("process_in") {
-		d, err := getDuration(cmd, "process_in")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		opts = append(opts, asynq.ProcessIn(d))
+		opts = append(opts, asynq.ProcessIn(getDuration(cmd, "process_in")))
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("retention") {
-		d, err := getDuration(cmd, "retention")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		opts = append(opts, asynq.Retention(d))
+		opts = append(opts, asynq.Retention(getDuration(cmd, "retention")))
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("group") {
 		group, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("group")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		opts = append(opts, asynq.Group(group))
 	}
@@ -638,21 +631,23 @@ func taskEnqueue(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	taskInfo, err := c.Enqueue(task)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not enqueue task: %v", err)
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	fmt.Printf("Enqueued task %s to queue %s\n", taskInfo.ID, taskInfo.Queue)
-	return nil
 }
 
-func taskArchiveAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskArchiveAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	state, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("state")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	i := createInspector()
@@ -667,35 +662,35 @@ func taskArchiveAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	case "aggregating":
 		group, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("group")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		if group == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("flag --group is required for aggregating tasks")
+			fmt.Println("error: Flag --group is required for aggregating tasks")
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		n, err = i.ArchiveAllAggregatingTasks(qname, group)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		fmt.Printf("%d tasks archived\n", n)
-		return nil
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported state %q", state)
+		fmt.Printf("error: unsupported state %q\n", state)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("%d tasks archived\n", n)
-	return nil
 }
 
-func taskDeleteAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskDeleteAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	state, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("state")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	i := createInspector()
@@ -714,35 +709,35 @@ func taskDeleteAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	case "aggregating":
 		group, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("group")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		if group == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("flag --group is required for aggregating tasks")
+			fmt.Println("error: Flag --group is required for aggregating tasks")
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		n, err = i.DeleteAllAggregatingTasks(qname, group)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		fmt.Printf("%d tasks deleted\n", n)
-		return nil
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported state %q", state)
+		fmt.Printf("error: unsupported state %q\n", state)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("%d tasks deleted\n", n)
-	return nil
 }
 
-func taskRunAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+func taskRunAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	qname, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("queue")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	state, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("state")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	i := createInspector()
@@ -757,23 +752,22 @@ func taskRunAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	case "aggregating":
 		group, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("group")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		if group == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("flag --group is required for aggregating tasks")
+			fmt.Println("error: Flag --group is required for aggregating tasks")
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 		n, err = i.RunAllAggregatingTasks(qname, group)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		fmt.Printf("%d tasks are now pending\n", n)
-		return nil
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported state %q", state)
+		fmt.Printf("error: unsupported state %q\n", state)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("%d tasks are now pending\n", n)
-	return nil
 }
+

x/metrics/metrics.go

@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ type QueueMetricsCollector struct {
 func (qmc *QueueMetricsCollector) collectQueueInfo() ([]*asynq.QueueInfo, error) {
 	qnames, err := qmc.inspector.Queues()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get queue names: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get queue names: %v", err)
 	}
 	infos := make([]*asynq.QueueInfo, len(qnames))
 	for i, qname := range qnames {
 		qinfo, err := qmc.inspector.GetQueueInfo(qname)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get queue info: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get queue info: %v", err)
 		}
 		infos[i] = qinfo
 	}

x/rate/semaphore.go

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (s *Semaphore) Release(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 	n, err := s.rc.ZRem(ctx, semaphoreKey(s.scope), taskID).Result()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("redis command failed: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("redis command failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if n == 0 {